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Headword:
*)/abaris
Adler number: alpha,18
Translated headword: Abaris, Avars
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Scythian, son of Seuthes. He wrote the so-called Scythinian Oracles[1] and Marriage of the river Hebros and Purifications and a Theogony in prose and Arrival of Apollo among the Hyperboreans in meter. He came from Scythia to Greece.
The legendary arrow belongs to him, the one he flew on from Greece to Hyperborean Scythia. It was given to him by Apollo.[2]
Gregory the Theologian mentioned this man in his Epitaphios for Basil the Great.[3]
They say[4] that once, when there was a plague throughout the entire inhabited world, Apollo told the Greeks and barbarians who had come to consult his oracle that the Athenian people should make prayers on behalf of all of them. So, many peoples sent ambassadors to them, and Abaris, they say, came as ambassador of the Hyperboreans in the third Olympiad.[5]
[Note] that the Bulgarians thoroughly destroyed the Avars[6] by force.
[Note] that these Avars drove out the Sabinorians, when they themselves had been expelled by peoples living near the shore of the Ocean, who left their own land when a mist formed in the flood of the Ocean and a crowd of griffins appeared; the story was that they would not stop until they had devoured the race of men. So the people driven away by these monsters invaded their neighbors. As the invaders were stronger, the others submitted and left, just as the Saragurians, when they were driven out, went to the Akatziri Huns.[7]
The declension is Abaris, Abaridos [genitive singular], Abaridas [accusative plural], and with apocope Abaris [also accusative plural, with a long iota].
See about these things under 'Bulgarians'.[8]
Greek Original:*)/abaris: *sku/qhs, *seu/qou ui(o/s. sunegra/yato de\ xrhsmou\s tou\s kaloume/nous *skuqinou\s kai\ *ga/mon *(/ebrou tou= potamou= kai\ *kaqarmou\s kai\ *qeogoni/an kataloga/dhn kai\ *)apo/llwnos a)/ficin ei)s *(uperbore/ous e)mme/trws. h(=ke de\ e)k *skuqw=n ei)s *(ella/da. tou/tou o( muqologou/menos o)i+sto\s, tou= petome/nou a)po\ th=s *(ella/dos me/xri tw=n *(uperbore/wn *skuqw=n: e)do/qh de\ au)tw=| para\ tou= *)apo/llwnos. tou/tou kai\ *grhgo/rios o( *qeolo/gos e)n tw=| ei)s to\n me/gan *basi/leion *)epitafi/w| mnh/mhn pepoi/htai. fasi\ de\ o(/ti loimou= kata\ pa=san th\n oi)koume/nhn gegono/tos a)nei=len o( *)apo/llwn manteuome/nois *(/ellhsi kai\ barba/rois to\n *)aqhnai/wn dh=mon u(pe\r pa/ntwn eu)xa\s poih/sasqai. presbeuome/nwn de\ pollw=n e)qnw=n pro\s au)tou\s, kai\ *)/abarin e)c *(uperbore/wn presbeuth\n a)fike/sqai le/gousi kata\ th\n g# *)olumpia/da. o(/ti tou\s *)aba/ris oi( *bou/lgaroi kata\ kra/tos a)/rdhn h)fa/nisan. o(/ti oi( *)aba/ris ou(=toi e)ch/lasan *sabi/nwras, metana/stai geno/menoi u(po\ e)qnw=n oi)kou/ntwn me\n th\n parwkeani=tin a)kth/n, th\n de\ xw/ran a)polipo/ntwn dia\ to\ e)c a)naxu/sews tou= *)wkeanou= o(mixlw=des gino/menon, kai\ grupw=n de\ plh=qos a)nafane/n: o(/per h)=n lo/gos mh\ pro/teron pau/sasqai pri\n h)\ bora\n poih=sai to\ tw=n a)nqrw/pwn ge/nos. dio\ dh\ u(po\ tw=nde e)launo/menoi tw=n deinw=n toi=s plhsioxw/rois e)ne/ballon: kai\ tw=n e)pio/ntwn dunatwte/rwn o)/ntwn oi( th\n e)/fodon u(fista/menoi metani/stanto, w(/sper kai\ oi( *sara/gouroi e)laqe/ntes pro\s toi=s *)akati/rois *ou)/nnois e)ge/nonto. kli/netai de\ *)/abaris, *)aba/ridos, tou\s *)aba/ridas, kai\ kata\ a)pokoph\n *)aba/ris. zh/tei peri\ tw=n au)tw=n e)n tw=| *bou/lgaroi.
Notes:
See generally A.H. Griffiths in OCD(4) p.1: "legendary devotee of Apollo from the far north, a shamanistic missionary and saviour-figure like
Aristeas [
alpha 3900]". Adler credits this part of the entry to the
Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii.
[1] Or in one manuscript, 'Skythian'.
[2] Perhaps from a scholion on the passage about to be cited (so Adler). Cf.
Herodotos 4.36.1 (web address 1).
[3] Gregory of Nazianzus PG 36.524b.
[4] This material is from Harpokration s.v.
*)/abaris
[5] 768-765 BCE. Harpokration (see preceding note) cites Hippostratos (FGrH 568 F4) to this effect, but adds that there were later alternatives: the twenty-first Olympiad (696-693) or "the time of Croesus, king of
Lydia" (so
Pindar, fr.270 Snell-Maehler), i.e. c.560-546.
[6] The word used for the Avars here,
*)aba/ris, is a homograph for the name of the Hyperborean wise man Abaris, so this separate section on the Avars is included in this entry. There is no indication that the lexicographer sees any connection between the two topics. In mid-C6 CE the Avars were a nomadic people of the steppe north of the Black Sea; cf.
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium s.v. Avars. On the territories of the Avars and of their surrounding ethnic groups in the epoch of Justinian (cf.
iota 446 generally), see Louth (110, map).
[7]
Priscus fr.30 FHG (4.104), still 30 Bornmann. The final part reappears at
alpha 820 and
sigma 111.
[8]
beta 423.
RE Abaris (1) I.16-17
Macartney, C.A. "On the Greek Sources for the History of the Turks in the Sixth Century." BSOAS 11 (1944): 266-275
A.P. Kazhdan, ed. et al., The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, (Oxford 1991)
A. Louth, "Justinian and His Legacy," in J. Shepard, ed., The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492, (Cambridge 2008) 99-129.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; Christianity; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; historiography; history; mythology; philosophy; poetry; religion; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@17:03:41.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified translation and notes, added keywords, set status.) on 19 January 2001@14:57:43.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and bibliography; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@05:20:43.
David Whitehead (added note) on 14 February 2001@06:09:48.
Mihai Olteanu (The only thracian item concerning Abaris is his father's name. Everything else pledes for his sythian ('hyperborean') origin. This is why I suppose we deal here with a copist mistake, and I propose the emendation: ́Αβαρις: Σκύθης, *Σκύθου υἱός (for Σκύθης as mythological character, see for example Herodotos 4,10).) on 22 January 2002@21:55:20.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 23 January 2002@03:11:25.
David Whitehead (augmented n.6 and added a keyword) on 5 October 2004@03:21:13.
William Hutton (augmented notes, added link and keywords, set status) on 24 August 2007@11:05:00.
Jennifer Benedict (cosmeticule) on 25 March 2008@00:16:43.
David Whitehead (another note; cosmetics) on 28 March 2014@06:23:27.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 29 July 2014@12:06:21.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 31 January 2015@09:22:24.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 18 February 2024@01:49:17.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.6, added further bibliography) on 21 August 2024@11:18:37.
Headword:
*)/abas
Adler number: alpha,20
Translated headword: Abas
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A sophist, who left Historical Commentaries and an Art of Rhetoric.
Greek Original:*)/abas: sofisth\s, *(istorika\ u(pomnh/mata kai\ *te/xnhn r(htorikh\n katalipw/n.
Notes:
Adler cites Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii for the entry.
See RE 1.19, Abas(11). Jacoby's Abas, FGrH 46, is a homonym, author of a Troika.
Reference:
Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii (ed. Wentzel, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Litteratur XIII.3)
Keywords: biography; historiography; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:57:09.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)abasa/nistos
Adler number: alpha,21
Translated headword: untested
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone/something] unexercised or unexamined, unscrutinized. The word comes from the test of the goldsmith's stone, on which they scrutinize gold.[1]
Aelian in his
On Providence used the word 'untested' to mean 'without pain'.[2]
*)abasa/nistos: a)gu/mnastos h)\ a)nece/tastos, a)doki/mastos. ei)/rhtai de\ a)po\ th=s basa/nou th=s xrusoxoi+kh=s li/qou, e)n h(=| dokima/zousi to\ xrusi/on. e)xrh/sato de\ *ai)liano\s e)n tw=| peri\ pronoi/as tw=| a)basa/nistos a)nti\ tou= a)/neu o)du/nhs.
Notes:
=
Synagoge alpha4 (
Lexica Segueriana 3.14);
Photius,
Lexicon alpha30 Theodoridis; perhaps ultimately derived in part from
Phrynichus (
Praeparatio rhetorica fr. 39 de Borries); cf.
Hesychius alpha89 and a cluster of related entries:
alpha 2276,
Hesychius alpha4899,
Synagoge alpha589,
Photius alpha1845.
[1]
*ba/sanos can mean both the touchstone itself and the testing process. See
beta 139, and cf.
beta 137.
[2]
Aelian fr.9 Hercher (= 9 Domingo-Forasté). The version of the entry at
Synagoge alpha4 includes the information that this is from the third book of the work in question.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:58:18.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*(abro/teron
Adler number: alpha,91
Translated headword: more delicately
Vetting Status: high
Translation: "But they behaved more delicately than them and were full of Sybaris."
Greek Original:*(abro/teron: a)ll' a(bro/teron au)tw=n ei)=xon kai\ *suba/ridos mestoi\ h)=san.
Notes:
Keywords: dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; geography; imagery; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:42:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/abrwn
Adler number: alpha,97
Translated headword: Abron, Habron
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Phrygian or Rhodian, grammarian, student of Tryphon,[1] sophist at Rome, the offspring of slaves, according to
Hermippus.[2]
*)/abrwn: *fru\c h)\ *(ro/dios, grammatiko\s, maqhth\s *tru/fwnos, sofisteu/sas e)n *(rw/mh|, gegonw\s de\ e)k dou/lwn, w(/s fhsin *(/ermippos.
Notes:
Presumably Habron (the aspirated version of the name is the more authentic), RE 8.2155 #4 (and OCD(4) s.v.), author of a treatise
On the Pronoun in the C1 CE.
[1] Tryphon:
tau 1115.
[2] For
Hermippus see
epsilon 3045. This is his fr. 73 FHG (3.52).
R. Berndt, 'Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Habron', Berliner philologioscher Wochenschrift 35 (1915) 1452-1455, 1483
Keywords: biography; daily life; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:46:35.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Added headword, keywords, set status) on 1 February 2001@22:49:38.
David Whitehead (modified headword; augmented notes and bibliography) on 2 February 2001@03:41:19.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics, cross-reference) on 9 December 2009@17:25:23.
David Whitehead (added bibligraphy and another keyword) on 21 December 2011@06:41:35.
David Whitehead (expanded n.2) on 17 January 2014@04:59:58.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 29 July 2014@12:16:02.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 1 January 2015@23:50:39.
Headword:
*)aga/qarxos
Adler number: alpha,109
Translated headword: Agatharkhos, Agatharchos, Agatharchus
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He was an outstanding painter from nature, the son of Eudemos, of Samian stock.
Greek Original:*)aga/qarxos: o)/noma ku/rion. h)=n de\ zwgra/fos e)pifanh\s, *eu)dh/mou ui(o\s, to\ de\ ge/nos *sa/mios.
Notes:
After the initial gloss, this entry derives from Harpokration s.v., commenting on
Demosthenes 21.147 (web address 1).
The other primary sources on A. (translated in Pollitt, below) are
Plutarch,
Life of Pericles 13.2 (web address 2);
Plutarch,
Life of Alcibiades 16.4 (web address 3);
Vitruvius,
On Architecture 7, praef. 1l (web address 4).
According to tradition, A. was the first painter to make a theatrical
skene (for
Aeschylus).
OCD(4) s.v. (p.35)
J.J. Pollitt, The Art of Ancient Greece (Cambridge 1990) 145-6 (with 188)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3,
Web address 4
Keywords: art history; biography; definition; geography; rhetoric; science and technology; stagecraft; tragedy
Translated by: Elizabeth Vandiver on 1 October 1999@23:24:55.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agaqh=s
*tu/xhs
new/s
Adler number: alpha,111
Translated headword: temple of Good Fortune
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The interpretation [is] not unclear.
Greek Original:*)agaqh=s *tu/xhs new/s: ou)k a)/dhlon to\ shmaino/menon.
Note:
According to the equivalent entry in Harpokration -- which prompted the present one, without having the present gloss (also in
Photius,
Lexicon alpha69 Theodoridis) -- it was mentioned by
Lycurgus (fr. 23 Conomis) "and others"; probably, therefore, it was in
Athens.
Translated by: Elizabeth Vandiver on 1 October 1999@23:26:17.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/agalma
Adler number: alpha,131
Translated headword: decoration, delight, ornament, statue
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Anything in which someone takes delight.[1]
"And he [A] gives silver, so that he [B] might complete the statue with the utmost artisanry, adding the size and prescribing the nature of the stone."[2]
Greek Original:*)/agalma: pa=n e)f' w(=| tis a)ga/lletai. kai\ di/dwsin a)rgu/rion, i(/na e)kponh/sh| to\ a)/galma a)/kras te/xnhs, prosqei\s to\ me/geqos kai\ proseipw\n th=s li/qou th\n fu/sin.
Notes:
Keywords: art history; comedy; definition; economics; epic; ethics; science and technology; trade and manufacture
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 June 2000@01:06:06.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@09:59:18.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 18 February 2011@06:57:00.
David Whitehead (another note; more keywords; tweaks) on 23 December 2011@03:46:34.
Catharine Roth (updated reference in note 2) on 28 January 2012@19:11:34.
Headword:
*)agapa=n
Adler number: alpha,150
Translated headword: to love, to receive favorably, to be content with.
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] to give a favorable reception [to someone/something].
[*)agapa=n] to love: to be satisfied with something and to seek nothing more.
Hence also the [phrase] "I would love [it/you if]...".[1]
Greek Original:*)agapa=n: a)pode/xesqai. *)agapa=n: to\ a)rkei=sqai/ tini kai\ mhde\n ple/on e)pizhtei=n. e)c ou(= kai\ to\ a)gapw/|hn a)/n.
Notes:
The main part of this entry is also in
Photius'
Lexicon (as two consecutive ones: alpha118-119 Theodoridis) and elsewhere.
[1] (A marginal addition in ms A.) An expression meaning "please...". There are classical Attic instances in
Plato (
Meno 75C) and
Isocrates (
Letters 6.6); and see generally LSJ s.v.
a)gapa/w, III.1.
Translated by: William Hutton on 1 April 2000@09:04:30.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agapw=
Adler number: alpha,161
Translated headword: I love, I am satisfied with
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The 'I am satisfied with' [sense] takes a dative: "Being satisfied with the good things that he already had." [1] But [sc. also used] with an accusative: "thou shalt love God with all thy soul."[2]
Greek Original:*)agapw=: to\ a)rkou=mai dotikh=|: a)gapw=n toi=s u(pa/rxousin au)tw=| a)gaqoi=s: ai)tiatikh=| de/: a)gaph/seis to\n qeo\n e)c o(/lhs yuxh=s.
Notes:
(A marginal addition, Adler reports, in ms A.)
See also
alpha 150,
alpha 159,
alpha 160.
[1]
a)gapw=n toi=s u(pa/rxousin a)gaqoi=s:
Lysias 2.21 (web address 1) here omitting the crucial 'not' at the beginning of the phrase and adding an interpolated
au)tw=|.
[2]
a)gaph/seis to\n qeo/n Deuteronomy 6:5
LXX.
Web address 1
Keywords: daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; religion; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@12:58:02.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aggarei/a
Adler number: alpha,162
Translated headword: compulsory labour, corvee
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Surely "of pack mules".[1]
Also [sc. attested is] a)/ggaros: [meaning] labourer, servant, porter; whence we speak of a)ggarei/a [to describe] involuntary compulsion and service brought about by force.[2]
Greek Original:*)aggarei/a: li/an a)gga/rwn h(mio/nwn. kai\ *)/aggaros: e)rga/ths, u(phre/ths, a)xqofo/ros: o(/qen a)ggarei/an a)na/gkhn a)kou/sion le/gomen kai\ e)k bi/as ginome/nhn u(phresi/an.
Notes:
For the (unglossed) headword, again under
alpha 163, see generally LSJ s.v.; and cf.
alpha 164,
alpha 165 alpha 166.
[1] The force of
li/an is not self-evident here, but see generally LSJ s.v. (The remainder of the phrase might be a quotation, from
Libanius,
Oration 18.143.)
[2] Same or similar glossing in other lexica; references at
Photius Lexicon alpha94 Theodoridis.
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@13:06:05.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aga/saito
Adler number: alpha,166
Translated headword: might be amazed
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning he/she/it] might marvel.
Also [sc. attested is]
a)/gasqai in
Homer in reference to the [sense] 'to marvel at' and 'to be envious'.[1]
*)aga/saito: qauma/seien. kai\ *)/agasqai par' *(omh/rw| e)pi\ tou= qauma/zein kai\ fqonei=n.
Notes:
Likewise or similarly in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha124 Theodoridis), and cf. generally
alpha 138,
alpha 141,
alpha 167. The headword -- third person singular, aorist optative middle -- is taken to be quoted from
Demosthenes 18.204 (web address 1).
[1]
Homer,
Odyssey 16.203 (web address 2).
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 4 June 1999@14:08:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agasiklh=s
Adler number: alpha,169
Translated headword: Agasikles, Agasicles
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He is said to have bribed[1] the Halimousians, and for that reason, although he was a foreigner, to have been accorded [sc. Athenian] citizenship.[2]
Greek Original:*)agasiklh=s: o)/noma ku/rion. o(\s le/getai *(alimousi/nois sundika/sai kai\ dia\ tou=to ce/nos w)\n e)ggrafh=nai th=| politei/a|.
Notes:
After the initial generic gloss, this entry is abridged from Harpokration s.v.
[1] Reading
sundeka/sai for the transmitted
sundika/sai ("to share in judging"). See LSJ s.v.
sundeka/zw at web address 1; see also n. 1 to
alpha 1231.
[2] This is RE Agasikles 2; his claim to Athenian citizenship was contested in a speech by
Dinarchus.
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; constitution; definition; economics; ethics; history; law; politics; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 7 June 1999@11:24:47.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agelai=os
Adler number: alpha,187
Translated headword: ordinary
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] no-account fellow [i)diw/ths]. Or the lead animal in the herd.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the genitive plural] "of a)gelai=oi", of no-account fellows, of rustics.
"Such-and-such is likely enough of [= in] ordinary men". Meaning common ones.[2]
Also [sc. attested is] "of a)gelai=oi", of the random masses. It would be used metaphorically from animals in herds or from fish,[3] which they say feed lavishly and in schools [a)gelhdo/n].[4]
Greek Original:*)agelai=os: i)diw/ths. h)\ o( e)n a)ge/lh| dia/gwn. kai\ *)agelai/wn, i)diwtw=n, r(embwdw=n. tw=n a)gelai/wn e)/oiken a)nqrw/pwn ei)=nai o( toiou=tos. a)nti\ tou= eu)telw=n. kai\ *)agelai/wn, tw=n pollw=n kai\ tuxo/ntwn. ei)/h d' a)\n e)k metafora=s tw=n a)gelai/wn zw/|wn h)\ a)po\ tw=n i)xqu/wn, ou(\s bo/skesqai r(u/dhn kai\ a)gelhdo/n fasin.
Notes:
The closest comparanda for this entry in its entirety are found in the
Platonic Lexicon ascribed to
Timaeus (971b.10);
Synagoge (Codex B) alpha99;
Photius,
Lexicon alpha134 and alpha141 Theodoridis; none of these matches up precisely, however. Snippets evidently from the same source appear elsewhere, as noted below.
[1] For the distinction see already
alpha 186. Thus far the entry =
Synagoge alpha49; cf. Aelius
Dionysius alpha17;
Eudemus 3.20;
Hesychius alpha424, omicron3.
[2] Julian,
Oration 7 (205D), where "such-and-such" = the invention of myth. The glosses (minus the quotation) in this and the previous sentence are paralleled in
Etymologicum Gudianum 4.3 and
Etymologicum Magnum 7.41.
[3] cf.
alpha 189.
[4] The reference is probably to
Herodotus 2.93.1, where both
i)xqu/es a)gelai=oi and the adverb
a)gelhdo/n (
alpha 191) appear (see web address 1). This etymological information also appears in Harpokration alpha8 Keaney (4.13 Dindorf) as well as in some of the sources cited above.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; historiography; imagery; rhetoric; zoology
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@13:23:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agenh/s
Adler number: alpha,199
Translated headword: family-less
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Isaeus [sc. uses this word] to mean
a)/pais["childless"].
Greek Original:*)agenh/s: *)isai=os a)nti\ tou= a)/pais.
Note:
Isaeus 2.1 (web address 1), cited from Harpokration s.v. In fact the transmitted texts of
Isaeus have
a)/pais; it is therefore likely that
a)ge/nhs is an ancient variant which dropped out of the textual tradition.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: children; daily life; definition; rhetoric
Translated by: David Whitehead on 29 September 2000@06:43:03.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aghsi/laos
Adler number: alpha,229
Translated headword: Agesilaos, Agesilaus
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He was a notable and noble king of Lacedaemonians and is celebrated by many of the orators.
Greek Original:*)aghsi/laos: o)/noma ku/rion. h)=n de\ *lakedaimoni/wn e)pifanh\s kai\ gennai=os basileu\s kai\ a)/|detai para\ polloi=s tw=n r(hto/rwn.
Note:
The phrase 'a notable and noble king of Lacedaemonians' comes from Harpokration s.v., though it is
Xenophon who is cited there, and the sentence finishes quite differently ("and he overturned much of Asia using the soldiers who had gone upcountry with Cyrus").
P.A. Cartledge, Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta (London 1987)
OCD(4) s.v. (pp.38-9)
Keywords: biography; definition; ethics; geography; historiography; history; military affairs; rhetoric
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:10:32.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agkistreu/ei
Adler number: alpha,247
Translated headword: angles for
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning he/she/it] entices with bait.
Greek Original:*)agkistreu/ei: delea/zei.
Note:
LSJ entry for this verb (which has figurative as well as literal applications) at web address 1. The present instance of it -- third person singular, present indicative active -- occurs also in other lexica and grammars, with the same glossing (references at
Photius alpha183 Theodoridis); it must be quoted from somewhere.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; food; imagery
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:02:49.
Vetted by:Catharine Roth (Added headword translation and link (not currently functional because of an error in LSJ at Perseus).) on 4 March 2001@22:46:06.
David Whitehead (augmented note; added keyword; cosmetics) on 23 July 2003@06:57:27.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks cosmetics) on 4 January 2012@05:22:26.
David Whitehead on 18 August 2013@08:00:05.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 22 November 2020@13:53:31.
Headword:
*(agni/as
Adler number: alpha,275
Translated headword: Hagnias
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name.
Greek Original:*(agni/as: o)/noma ku/rion.
Notes:
The equivalent entry in Harpokration (stemming from
Isaeus fr. 64 Sauppe and citing
Androtion FGrH 324 F18 and
Philochorus FGrH 328 F147) shows that a particular individual of this name is meant, an Athenian of the classical period.
For a dossier of evidence on Hagnias of Oion (c.445-396) see
Lexicon of Greek Personal Names vol.2 (Oxford 1994) s.v. Hagnias no.15.
J.K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families 600-300 BC (Oxford 1971) 82-3
Keywords: biography; historiography; history; rhetoric
Translated by: Roger Travis on 6 October 2000@13:01:53.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added note and bibliography; modified keywords; cosmetics) on 12 October 2000@03:17:09.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 19 July 2011@09:22:54.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 5 January 2012@05:02:43.
Headword:
*)agno/hma
Adler number: alpha,278
Translated headword: ignorance
Vetting Status: high
Translation: "They were ignorant to an extent of ignorance such as no-one would have been ignorant who had grasped a little dialectic and was able to understand something about it."[1]
Greek Original:*)agno/hma: a)gno/hma tosou=ton h)gnohko/tas, o(/son ou)dei\s a)\n h)g- no/hsen, o)li/ga dialektikh=s a(ya/menos kai\ o(/son e)pai/+ein u(pe\r au)th=s e)/xwn.
Notes:
Keywords: biography; ethics; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Roger Travis on 23 October 2000@13:06:04.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agnou/sios
Adler number: alpha,282
Translated headword: Hagnousian, Agnousian
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [H]agnous is a deme of the [sc. Athenian] tribe Akamantis, the tribesman[1] from which [is a] [H]agnousian.
Greek Original:*)agnou/sios: *)agnou=s dh=mos e)sti\ fulh=s th=s *)akamanti/dos, h(=s o( fule/ths *)agnou/sios.
Notes:
From Harpokration s.v.
*a)gnou=s, commenting on the appearance of the demotikon (the present headword) in
Demosthenes 18.21.
On the deme Hagnous (the aspirated form appears to be the more authentic) see generally Traill (1975) 48, with Traill (1986) 132; Whitehead (1986) index s.v.
[1] A slip (already in Harpokration) for "demesman".
J.S. Traill, The Political Organization of Attica (Princeton 1975)
J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys (Toronto 1986)
D. Whitehead, The Demes of Attica (Princeton 1986)
Keywords: constitution; definition; geography; history; rhetoric
Translated by: David Whitehead on 20 October 2000@03:33:18.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agnwmo/nws
Adler number: alpha,284
Translated headword: senselessly
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] mindlessly, or gracelessly.[1]
The unlearned are called senseless -- without discernment -- in
Plato.[2]
And
Demosthenes in the
Philippics [sc. uses the word] to mean
a)logi/stws ["without reason"] and
a)bou/lws ["without counsel"].[3]
And the Theologian [writes]: "o [you], even more senseless than Jews."[4] Meaning "more mindless".
*)agnwmo/nws: a)noh/tws, h)\ a)xari/stws. le/gontai de\ para\ *pla/twni a)gnw/mones, a)su/ggnwstoi, oi( a)maqei=s. kai\ *dhmosqe/nhs e)n toi=s *filippikoi=s a)nti\ tou= a)logi/stws kai\ a)bou/lws. kai\ o( *qeolo/gos: w)= kai\ *)ioudai/wn a)gnwmone/stere. a)nti\ tou= a)nohto/tere.
Notes:
[1] Adverbial form of the adjective
a)gnw/mwn (for which see also
alpha 283).
[2]
Plato,
Republic 5.450D; likewise in
Photius alpha217 Theodoridis.
[3]
Demosthenes 2.26. This paragraph of the entry comes from Harpokration s.v.
[4] Gregory of Nazianzus, in
Oration 38 (PG 36.329.13) and again in
Oration 45 (PG 36.661.7).
Translated by: Roger Travis on 23 October 2000@13:28:56.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agoranomi/as
Adler number: alpha,302
Translated headword: market-supervisorship, market-supervisorships
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] auditorship/s. The term is applied to those who oversee sales in the cities.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the related concrete noun] "market-supervisors" [
agoranomoi]: the officials who manage the sales in the marketplace [sc. in
Athens].[2]
Aristophanes in
Acharnians [writes]: "as market-supervisors of the market I appoint the three who were chosen by lot, the thongs from Leprous."[3] That is, straps, whips. For in olden days the auditors of the marketplace used to beat people with whips. And "leprous" [
leprou/s] some explain as [sc. wordplay] from the verb
lepein, that is, "to beat"; others from Lepreon a small town of the Peloponnese which
Callimachus also mentions in the
Hymns: "citadel of Kaukones, which is called Lepreion."[4] Others still [sc. derive it] from mangy cattle, since the hides of mangy cattle are tough. Still others because the Megarians, with whom he[5] is making a treaty, have mangy bodies. But better to say that [sc. there is] a place called Leproi outside the [Athenian] town-center where the tanners' shops were. There is also a mention of this in
Birds: "why then do you settle [in] Helian Lepreon."[6]
Also [sc. attested is the the verb] "I supervise markets" [
a)goranomw=]; [used] with a genitive.
*)agoranomi/as: logisti/as. ei)/rhtai de\ e)pi\ tw=n e)piskopou/ntwn ta\ tw=n po/lewn w)/nia. kai\ *)agorano/moi, oi( ta\ kata\ th\n a)gora\n w)/nia dioikou=ntes a)/rxontes. *)aristofa/nhs *)axarneu=sin: a)gorano/mous de\ th=s a)gora=s kaqi/stamai trei=s tou\s laxo/ntas, tou\s d' i(ma/ntas e)k leprw=n. toute/sti lw/rous, fragge/lia. to\ ga\r palaio\n fragge/lois e)/tupton oi( logistai\ th=s a)gora=s. leprw=n de\ oi( me\n a)po\ tou= le/pein, o(/ e)sti tu/ptein: oi( de\ a)po\ *lepre/ou poli/smatos th=s *peloponnh/sou, h(=s me/mnhtai kai\ *kalli/maxos e)n *(/umnois: *kaukw/nwn ptoli/eqron, o(\ *le/preion pefa/tistai. oi( de\ e)k leprw=n bow=n, dia\ to\ ta\ e)k leprw=n bow=n de/rmata i)sxura\ ei)=nai. oi( de\ o(/ti oi( *megarei=s leproi\ to\ sw=ma, pro\s ou(\s spe/ndetai. a)/meinon de\ le/gein, o(/ti to/pos e)/cw tou= a)/steos *leproi\ kalou/menos, e)/nqa ta\ bursei=a h)=n. ou(= kai\ e)n *)/ornisi me/mnhtai: ti/ d' ou)=n to\n h(/lion *le/preon oi)ki/zete. kai\ *)agoranomw=: genikh=|.
Notes:
The headword -- evidently extracted from somewhere -- and primary gloss are either genitive singulars or accusative plurals.
[1] Likewise in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha228 Theodoridis.
[2] From Harpokration s.v., commenting on
Demosthenes 24.112 and also citing ?
Aristotle, Ath.Pol. 51.1.
[3]
Aristophanes,
Acharnians 723-4 (web address 1), followed here by comment from the
scholia there; cf.
lambda 291.
[4]
Callimachus,
Hymn to Zeus 39.
[5] Dikaiopolis, that is, the speaker of the quotation.
[6] What seems to be a very mangled quotation from
Aristophanes,
Birds 150. A more correct quotation might be translated as "Why do you two not go and settle in Lepreon in Elis?" This would seem to be a reference to the Peloponnesian Lepreon and not to a Leproi outside
Athens. See web address 2 below for the text of
Aristophanes (and cf.
lambda 288,
lambda 289).
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: clothing; comedy; constitution; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; history; law; medicine; poetry; rhetoric; trade and manufacture; zoology
Translated by: William Hutton on 30 October 2000@00:03:30.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agora/s
Adler number: alpha,303
Translated headword: gatherings, markets
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Hyperides [sc. uses the word] to mean meetings. For he says in the [speech]
Against Polyeuktos: "these men often hold gatherings".[1] And the word also means other things.[2]
Greek Original:*)agora/s: *(uperi/dhs a)nti\ tou= suno/dous. le/gei ga\r e)n tw=| kata\ *polueu/ktou: ou(=toi polla/kis a)gora\s poiou=ntai. dhloi= de\ kai\ a)/lla tou)/noma.
Notes:
From Harpokration s.v. The headword, extracted from the quotation given, is accusative plural.
[1]
Hyperides fr. 150 Jensen.
[2] cf.
alpha 299,
alpha 301.
Translated by: David Whitehead on 29 September 2000@08:42:43.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified translation, added keyword, set status.) on 30 October 2000@20:35:34.
David Whitehead (augmented note; cosmetics) on 17 September 2002@05:22:59.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 19 July 2011@09:35:26.
David Whitehead (x-refs) on 9 April 2015@08:59:45.
Headword:
*)agora/sai
Adler number: alpha,304
Translated headword: to buy at market
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Hyperides [sc. uses this] to mean to purchase.[1]
They say
a)gora/sw,
a)gorw= being sub-literate;[2] there are plenty of examples everywhere, but take for instance [one] of
Aristophanes, from
Aiolosikon: "but hurry, there was no need to wait, since I will buy everything that you ask for all at once, madam".[3] Also [sc. attested are]
agorasmata, the things that have been bought.[4]
Greek Original:*)agora/sai: *(uperi/dhs to\ w)nh/sasqai. *)agora/sw le/gousi, to\ d' a)gorw= ba/rbaron: paradeigma/twn de\ mesta\ pa/nta, ei)lh/fqw d' o(/mws *)aristofa/nous e)c *ai)olosi/kwnos: a)ll' a)/nuson: ou) me/llein e)xrh=n, w(s a)gora/sw a(paca/panq' o(/sa keleu/eis, w)= gu/nai. kai\ *)agora/smata au)ta\ ta\ h)gorasme/na.
Notes:
[1] From Harpokration s.v., citing
Hyperides fr. 70 Jensen for this aorist infinitive of
a)gora/zw (cf.
alpha 300); See also
a)gora/zei in
For Lykophron 2.
[2] At issue here are two forms of the 1st person singular, future indicative active. The former (for which cf.
alpha 305) is proper Attic form, the latter koine.
[3]
Aristophanes fr. 2 Kock and K.-A.
[4] Attested in comedy and oratory.
Translated by: William Hutton on 30 October 2000@00:36:57.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (modified headword and note; added note; cosmetics) on 30 October 2000@03:37:57.
David Whitehead (restorative and other cosmetics) on 17 February 2003@06:00:38.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 9 October 2005@11:05:29.
David Whitehead (augmented notes; another keyword; tweaks) on 20 July 2011@04:12:46.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 22 December 2014@06:07:53.
Headword:
*)agorai/an
di/khn
Adler number: alpha,307
Translated headword: agora lawsuit, forensic lawsuit
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] the (?)defense plea.
Greek Original:*)agorai/an di/khn: th\n dikaiologi/an.
Notes:
An opaque entry, and made the more so because it appears in other lexica in different forms. In
Photius (alpha231 Theodoridis) the lemma itself is the adjective only, i.e.
di/khn is lacking; the
Synagoge (alpha82) has
di/khn as the first part of the gloss. All that seems certain, therefore, is that
a)gorai/an (accusative singular) is quoted from somewhere.
The glossing term
dikaiologia can mean either a defense plea or a forensic speech of any kind: see LSJ s.v.
Translated by: William Hutton on 24 October 2000@12:05:09.
Vetted by:
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