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Headword:
*)/abaris
Adler number: alpha,18
Translated headword: Abaris, Avars
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Scythian, son of Seuthes. He wrote the so-called Scythinian Oracles[1] and Marriage of the river Hebros and Purifications and a Theogony in prose and Arrival of Apollo among the Hyperboreans in meter. He came from Scythia to Greece.
The legendary arrow belongs to him, the one he flew on from Greece to Hyperborean Scythia. It was given to him by Apollo.[2]
Gregory the Theologian mentioned this man in his Epitaphios for Basil the Great.[3]
They say[4] that once, when there was a plague throughout the entire inhabited world, Apollo told the Greeks and barbarians who had come to consult his oracle that the Athenian people should make prayers on behalf of all of them. So, many peoples sent ambassadors to them, and Abaris, they say, came as ambassador of the Hyperboreans in the third Olympiad.[5]
[Note] that the Bulgarians thoroughly destroyed the Avars[6] by force.
[Note] that these Avars drove out the Sabinorians, when they themselves had been expelled by peoples living near the shore of the Ocean, who left their own land when a mist formed in the flood of the Ocean and a crowd of griffins appeared; the story was that they would not stop until they had devoured the race of men. So the people driven away by these monsters invaded their neighbors. As the invaders were stronger, the others submitted and left, just as the Saragurians, when they were driven out, went to the Akatziri Huns.[7]
The declension is Abaris, Abaridos [genitive singular], Abaridas [accusative plural], and with apocope Abaris [nominative plural].
See about these things under 'Bulgarians'.[8]
Greek Original:*)/abaris: *sku/qhs, *seu/qou ui(o/s. sunegra/yato de\ xrhsmou\s tou\s kaloume/nous *skuqinou\s kai\ *ga/mon *(/ebrou tou= potamou= kai\ *kaqarmou\s kai\ *qeogoni/an kataloga/dhn kai\ *)apo/llwnos a)/ficin ei)s *(uperbore/ous e)mme/trws. h(=ke de\ e)k *skuqw=n ei)s *(ella/da. tou/tou o( muqologou/menos o)i+sto\s, tou= petome/nou a)po\ th=s *(ella/dos me/xri tw=n *(uperbore/wn *skuqw=n: e)do/qh de\ au)tw=| para\ tou= *)apo/llwnos. tou/tou kai\ *grhgo/rios o( *qeolo/gos e)n tw=| ei)s to\n me/gan *basi/leion *)epitafi/w| mnh/mhn pepoi/htai. fasi\ de\ o(/ti loimou= kata\ pa=san th\n oi)koume/nhn gegono/tos a)nei=len o( *)apo/llwn manteuome/nois *(/ellhsi kai\ barba/rois to\n *)aqhnai/wn dh=mon u(pe\r pa/ntwn eu)xa\s poih/sasqai. presbeuome/nwn de\ pollw=n e)qnw=n pro\s au)tou\s, kai\ *)/abarin e)c *(uperbore/wn presbeuth\n a)fike/sqai le/gousi kata\ th\n g# *)olumpia/da. o(/ti tou\s *)aba/ris oi( *bou/lgaroi kata\ kra/tos a)/rdhn h)fa/nisan. o(/ti oi( *)aba/ris ou(=toi e)ch/lasan *sabi/nwras, metana/stai geno/menoi u(po\ e)qnw=n oi)kou/ntwn me\n th\n parwkeani=tin a)kth/n, th\n de\ xw/ran a)polipo/ntwn dia\ to\ e)c a)naxu/sews tou= *)wkeanou= o(mixlw=des gino/menon, kai\ grupw=n de\ plh=qos a)nafane/n: o(/per h)=n lo/gos mh\ pro/teron pau/sasqai pri\n h)\ bora\n poih=sai to\ tw=n a)nqrw/pwn ge/nos. dio\ dh\ u(po\ tw=nde e)launo/menoi tw=n deinw=n toi=s plhsioxw/rois e)ne/ballon: kai\ tw=n e)pio/ntwn dunatwte/rwn o)/ntwn oi( th\n e)/fodon u(fista/menoi metani/stanto, w(/sper kai\ oi( *sara/gouroi e)laqe/ntes pro\s toi=s *)akati/rois *ou)/nnois e)ge/nonto. kli/netai de\ *)/abaris, *)aba/ridos, tou\s *)aba/ridas, kai\ kata\ a)pokoph\n *)aba/ris. zh/tei peri\ tw=n au)tw=n e)n tw=| *bou/lgaroi.
Notes:
See generally A.H. Griffiths in OCD(4) p.1: "legendary devotee of Apollo from the far north, a shamanistic missionary and saviour-figure like
Aristeas [
alpha 3900]". Adler credits this part of the entry to the
Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii.
[1] Or in one manuscript, 'Skythian'.
[2] Perhaps from a scholion on the passage about to be cited (so Adler). Cf.
Herodotos 4.36.1 (web address 1).
[3] Gregory of Nazianzus PG 36.524b.
[4] This material is from Harpokration s.v.
*)/abaris
[5] 768-765 BCE. Harpokration (see preceding note) cites Hippostratos (FGrH 568 F4) to this effect, but adds that there were later alternatives: the twenty-first Olympiad (696-693) or "the time of Croesus, king of
Lydia" (so
Pindar, fr.270 Snell-Maehler), i.e. c.560-546.
[6] The word used for the Avars here,
*)aba/ris, is a homograph for the name of the Hyperborean wise man Abaris, so this separate section on the Avars is included in this entry. There is no indication that the lexicographer sees any connection between the two topics.
[7]
Priscus fr.30 FHG (4.104), still 30 Bornmann. The final part reappears at
alpha 820 and
sigma 111.
[8]
beta 423.
RE Abaris (1) I.16-17
Macartney, C.A. "On the Greek Sources for the History of the Turks in the Sixth Century." BSOAS 11 (1944): 266-275
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; Christianity; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; historiography; history; mythology; philosophy; poetry; religion; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@17:03:41.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified translation and notes, added keywords, set status.) on 19 January 2001@14:57:43.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and bibliography; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@05:20:43.
David Whitehead (added note) on 14 February 2001@06:09:48.
Mihai Olteanu (The only thracian item concerning Abaris is his father's name. Everything else pledes for his sythian ('hyperborean') origin. This is why I suppose we deal here with a copist mistake, and I propose the emendation: ́Αβαρις: Σκύθης, *Σκύθου υἱός (for Σκύθης as mythological character, see for example Herodotos 4,10).) on 22 January 2002@21:55:20.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 23 January 2002@03:11:25.
David Whitehead (augmented n.6 and added a keyword) on 5 October 2004@03:21:13.
William Hutton (augmented notes, added link and keywords, set status) on 24 August 2007@11:05:00.
Jennifer Benedict (cosmeticule) on 25 March 2008@00:16:43.
David Whitehead (another note; cosmetics) on 28 March 2014@06:23:27.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 29 July 2014@12:06:21.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 31 January 2015@09:22:24.
Headword:
*)/abas
Adler number: alpha,20
Translated headword: Abas
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A sophist, who left Historical Commentaries and an Art of Rhetoric.
Greek Original:*)/abas: sofisth\s, *(istorika\ u(pomnh/mata kai\ *te/xnhn r(htorikh\n katalipw/n.
Notes:
Adler cites Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii for the entry.
See RE 1.19, Abas(11). Jacoby's Abas, FGrH 46, is a homonym, author of a Troika.
Reference:
Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii (ed. Wentzel, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Litteratur XIII.3)
Keywords: biography; historiography; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:57:09.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)abasa/nistos
Adler number: alpha,21
Translated headword: untested
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone/something] unexercised or unexamined, unscrutinized. The word comes from the test of the goldsmith's stone, on which they scrutinize gold.[1]
Aelian in his
On Providence used the word 'untested' to mean 'without pain'.[2]
*)abasa/nistos: a)gu/mnastos h)\ a)nece/tastos, a)doki/mastos. ei)/rhtai de\ a)po\ th=s basa/nou th=s xrusoxoi+kh=s li/qou, e)n h(=| dokima/zousi to\ xrusi/on. e)xrh/sato de\ *ai)liano\s e)n tw=| peri\ pronoi/as tw=| a)basa/nistos a)nti\ tou= a)/neu o)du/nhs.
Notes:
=
Synagoge alpha4 (
Lexica Segueriana 3.14);
Photius,
Lexicon alpha30 Theodoridis; perhaps ultimately derived in part from
Phrynichus (
Praeparatio rhetorica fr. 39 de Borries); cf.
Hesychius alpha89 and a cluster of related entries:
alpha 2276,
Hesychius alpha4899,
Synagoge alpha589,
Photius alpha1845.
[1]
ba/sanos can mean both the touchstone itself and the testing process. See
beta 139, and cf.
beta 137.
[2]
Aelian fr.9 Hercher (= 9 Domingo-Forasté). The version of the entry at
Synagoge alpha4 includes the information that this is from the third book of the work in question.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:58:18.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*(abro/teron
Adler number: alpha,91
Translated headword: more delicately
Vetting Status: high
Translation: "But they behaved more delicately than them and were full of Sybaris."
Greek Original:*(abro/teron: a)ll' a(bro/teron au)tw=n ei)=xon kai\ *suba/ridos mestoi\ h)=san.
Notes:
Keywords: dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; geography; imagery; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:42:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/abrwn
Adler number: alpha,97
Translated headword: Abron, Habron
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Phrygian or Rhodian, grammarian, student of Tryphon,[1] sophist at Rome, the offspring of slaves, according to
Hermippus.[2]
*)/abrwn: *fru\c h)\ *(ro/dios, grammatiko\s, maqhth\s *tru/fwnos, sofisteu/sas e)n *(rw/mh|, gegonw\s de\ e)k dou/lwn, w(/s fhsin *(/ermippos.
Notes:
Presumably Habron (the aspirated version of the name is the more authentic), RE 8.2155 #4 (and OCD(4) s.v.), author of a treatise
On the Pronoun in the C1 CE.
[1] Tryphon:
tau 1115.
[2] For
Hermippus see
epsilon 3045. This is his fr. 73 FHG (3.52).
R. Berndt, 'Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Habron', Berliner philologioscher Wochenschrift 35 (1915) 1452-1455, 1483
Keywords: biography; daily life; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:46:35.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Added headword, keywords, set status) on 1 February 2001@22:49:38.
David Whitehead (modified headword; augmented notes and bibliography) on 2 February 2001@03:41:19.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics, cross-reference) on 9 December 2009@17:25:23.
David Whitehead (added bibligraphy and another keyword) on 21 December 2011@06:41:35.
David Whitehead (expanded n.2) on 17 January 2014@04:59:58.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 29 July 2014@12:16:02.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 1 January 2015@23:50:39.
Headword:
*)aga/qarxos
Adler number: alpha,109
Translated headword: Agatharkhos, Agatharchos, Agatharchus
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He was an outstanding painter from nature, the son of Eudemos, of Samian stock.
Greek Original:*)aga/qarxos: o)/noma ku/rion. h)=n de\ zwgra/fos e)pifanh\s, *eu)dh/mou ui(o\s, to\ de\ ge/nos *sa/mios.
Notes:
After the initial gloss, this entry derives from Harpokration s.v., commenting on
Demosthenes 21.147 (web address 1).
The other primary sources on A. (translated in Pollitt, below) are
Plutarch,
Life of Pericles 13.2 (web address 2);
Plutarch,
Life of Alcibiades 16.4 (web address 3);
Vitruvius,
On Architecture 7, praef. 1l (web address 4).
According to tradition, A. was the first painter to make a theatrical
skene (for
Aeschylus).
OCD(4) s.v. (p.35)
J.J. Pollitt, The Art of Ancient Greece (Cambridge 1990) 145-6 (with 188)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3,
Web address 4
Keywords: art history; biography; definition; geography; rhetoric; science and technology; stagecraft; tragedy
Translated by: Elizabeth Vandiver on 1 October 1999@23:24:55.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agaqh=s
*tu/xhs
new/s
Adler number: alpha,111
Translated headword: temple of Good Fortune
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The interpretation [is] not unclear.
Greek Original:*)agaqh=s *tu/xhs new/s: ou)k a)/dhlon to\ shmaino/menon.
Note:
According to the equivalent entry in Harpokration -- which prompted the present one, without having the present gloss (also in
Photius, Lexicon alpha69 Theodoridis) -- it was mentioned by
Lycurgus (fr. 23 Conomis) "and others"; probably, therefore, it was in
Athens.
Translated by: Elizabeth Vandiver on 1 October 1999@23:26:17.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/agalma
Adler number: alpha,131
Translated headword: decoration, delight, ornament, statue
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Anything in which someone takes delight.[1]
"And he [A] gives silver, so that he [B] might complete the statue with the utmost artisanry, adding the size and prescribing the nature of the stone."[2]
Greek Original:*)/agalma: pa=n e)f' w(=| tis a)ga/lletai. kai\ di/dwsin a)rgu/rion, i(/na e)kponh/sh| to\ a)/galma a)/kras te/xnhs, prosqei\s to\ me/geqos kai\ proseipw\n th=s li/qou th\n fu/sin.
Notes:
Keywords: art history; comedy; definition; economics; epic; ethics; science and technology; trade and manufacture
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 June 2000@01:06:06.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@09:59:18.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 18 February 2011@06:57:00.
David Whitehead (another note; more keywords; tweaks) on 23 December 2011@03:46:34.
Catharine Roth (updated reference in note 2) on 28 January 2012@19:11:34.
Headword:
*)agapa=n
Adler number: alpha,150
Translated headword: to love, to receive favorably, to be content with.
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] to give a favorable reception [to someone/something]. To love: to be satisfied with something and to seek nothing more.
Hence also the [phrase] "I would love [it/you if]...".[1]
Greek Original:*)agapa=n: a)pode/xesqai. *)agapa=n: to\ a)rkei=sqai/ tini kai\ mhde\n ple/on e)pizhtei=n. e)c ou(= kai\ to\ a)gapw/|hn a)/n.
Notes:
The main part of this entry is also in
Photius' Lexicon (as two consecutive ones: alpha118-119 Theodoridis) and elsewhere.
[1] (A marginal addition in ms A.) An expression meaning "please...". There are classical Attic instances in
Plato (
Meno 75C) and
Isocrates (Letters 6.6); and see generally LSJ s.v.
a)gapa/w, III.1.
Translated by: William Hutton on 1 April 2000@09:04:30.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agapw=
Adler number: alpha,161
Translated headword: I love, I am satisfied with
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The 'I am satisfied with' [sense] takes a dative: "Being satisfied with the good things that he already had." [1] But [sc. also used] with an accusative: "thou shalt love God with all thy soul."[2]
Greek Original:*)agapw=: to\ a)rkou=mai dotikh=|: a)gapw=n toi=s u(pa/rxousin au)tw=| a)gaqoi=s: ai)tiatikh=| de/: a)gaph/seis to\n qeo\n e)c o(/lhs yuxh=s.
Notes:
(A marginal addition, Adler reports, in ms A.)
See also
alpha 150,
alpha 159,
alpha 160.
[1]
a)gapw=n toi=s u(parxousin a)gaqoi=s:
Lysias 2.21 (web address 1) here omitting the crucial 'not' at the beginning of the phrase and adding an interpolated
au)tw=|.
[2]
a)gaph/seis to\n qeo/n Deuteronomy 6:5
LXX.
Web address 1
Keywords: daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; religion; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@12:58:02.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aggarei/a
Adler number: alpha,162
Translated headword: compulsory labour, corvee
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Surely "of pack mules".[1]
Also [sc. attested is] a)/ggaros: [meaning] labourer, servant, porter; whence we speak of a)ggarei/a [to describe] involuntary compulsion and service brought about by force.[2]
Greek Original:*)aggarei/a: li/an a)gga/rwn h(mio/nwn. kai\ *)/aggaros: e)rga/ths, u(phre/ths, a)xqofo/ros: o(/qen a)ggarei/an a)na/gkhn a)kou/sion le/gomen kai\ e)k bi/as ginome/nhn u(phresi/an.
Notes:
For the (unglossed) headword, again under
alpha 163, see generally LSJ s.v.; and cf.
alpha 164,
alpha 165 alpha 166.
[1] The force of
li/an is not self-evident here, but see generally LSJ s.v. (The remainder of the phrase might be a quotation, from
Libanius,
Oration 18.143.)
[2] Same or similar glossing in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha94 Theodoridis.
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@13:06:05.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aga/saito
Adler number: alpha,166
Translated headword: might be amazed
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning he/she/it] might marvel.
Also [sc. attested is]
a)/gasqai in
Homer in reference to the [sense] 'to marvel at' and 'to be envious'.[1]
*)aga/saito: qauma/seien. kai\ *)/agasqai par' *(omh/rw| e)pi\ tou= qauma/zein kai\ fqonei=n.
Notes:
Likewise or similarly in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha124 Theodoridis), and cf. generally
alpha 138,
alpha 141,
alpha 167. The headword -- third person singular, aorist optative middle -- is taken to be quoted from
Demosthenes 18.204.
[1]
Homer,
Odyssey 16.203 (web address 1 below).
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 4 June 1999@14:08:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agasiklh=s
Adler number: alpha,169
Translated headword: Agasikles, Agasicles
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He is said to have bribed[1] the Halimousians, and for that reason, although he was a foreigner, to have been accorded [sc. Athenian] citizenship.[2]
Greek Original:*)agasiklh=s: o)/noma ku/rion. o(\s le/getai *(alimousi/nois sundika/sai kai\ dia\ tou=to ce/nos w)\n e)ggrafh=nai th=| politei/a|.
Notes:
After the initial generic gloss, this entry is abridged from Harpokration s.v.
[1] Reading
sundeka/sai for the transmitted
sundika/sai ("to share in judging"). See LSJ s.v.
sundeka/zw at web address 1; see also n. 1 to
alpha 1231.
[2] This is RE Agasikles 2; his claim to Athenian citizenship was contested in a speech by
Dinarchus.
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; constitution; definition; economics; ethics; history; law; politics; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 7 June 1999@11:24:47.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agelai=os
Adler number: alpha,187
Translated headword: ordinary
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] no-account fellow [i)diw/ths]. Or the lead animal in the herd.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the genitive plural] "of a)gelai=oi", of no-account fellows, of rustics.
"Such-and-such is likely enough of [= in] ordinary men". Meaning common ones.[2]
Also [sc. attested is] "of a)gelai=oi", of the random masses. It would be used metaphorically from animals in herds or from fish,[3] which they say feed lavishly and in schools [a)gelhdo/n].[4]
Greek Original:*)agelai=os: i)diw/ths. h)\ o( e)n a)ge/lh| dia/gwn. kai\ *)agelai/wn, i)diwtw=n, r(embwdw=n. tw=n a)gelai/wn e)/oiken a)nqrw/pwn ei)=nai o( toiou=tos. a)nti\ tou= eu)telw=n. kai\ *)agelai/wn, tw=n pollw=n kai\ tuxo/ntwn. ei)/h d' a)\n e)k metafora=s tw=n a)gelai/wn zw/|wn h)\ a)po\ tw=n i)xqu/wn, ou(\s bo/skesqai r(u/dhn kai\ a)gelhdo/n fasin.
Notes:
The closest comparanda for this entry in its entirety are found in the
Platonic Lexicon ascribed to
Timaeus (971b.10);
Synagoge (Codex B) alpha99;
Photius,
Lexicon alpha134 and alpha141 Theodoridis; none of these matches up precisely, however. Snippets evidently from the same source appear elsewhere, as noted below.
[1] For the distinction see already
alpha 186. Thus far the entry =
Synagoge alpha49; cf. Aelius
Dionysius alpha17;
Eudemus 3.20;
Hesychius alpha424, omicron3.
[2] Julian,
Oration 7 (205D), where "such-and-such" = the invention of myth. The glosses (minus the quotation) in this and the previous sentence are paralleled in
Etymologicum Gudianum 4.3 and
Etymologicum Magnum 7.41.
[3] cf.
alpha 189.
[4] The reference is probably to
Herodotus 2.93.1, where both
i)xqu/es a)gelai=oi and the adverb
a)gelhdo/n (
alpha 191) appear (see web address 1). This etymological information also appears in Harpokration alpha8 Keaney (4.13 Dindorf) as well as in some of the sources cited above.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; historiography; imagery; rhetoric; zoology
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 23 June 1999@13:23:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agenh/s
Adler number: alpha,199
Translated headword: family-less
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Isaeus [sc. uses this word] to mean
a)/pais["childless"].
Greek Original:*)agenh/s: *)isai=os a)nti\ tou= a)/pais.
Note:
Isaeus 2.1 (web address 1), cited from Harpokration s.v. In fact the transmitted texts of
Isaeus have
a)/pais; it is therefore likely that
a)ge/nhs is an ancient variant which dropped out of the textual tradition.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: children; daily life; definition; rhetoric
Translated by: David Whitehead on 29 September 2000@06:43:03.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aghsi/laos
Adler number: alpha,229
Timeout after 20 seconds; further results omitted.