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Headword:
*)/abel
Adler number: alpha,30
Translated headword: Abel
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Son of Adam.[1] This man was chaste and just from the beginning and a shepherd of flocks; out of these he offered a sacrifice to God and was accepted, but was then killed because he was envied by his brother Cain.[2] Cain happened to be a farmer and after the judgement he lived worse, with groaning and trembling. For Abel, by dedicating the firstborn [of the flock] to God, recommended himself as more God-loving than self-loving,[3] and because this was a good choice, he was accepted. But Cain impiously kept his first-fruits for himself and gave the seconds to God, and for this reason was rightly rejected. For it says: "and after some days it happened that Cain offered from the fruits of the earth."[4] Cain was disgraced by the fact that the produce he offered was not the first-fruits but that which was some days old and second-best.
Greek Original:*)/abel: ui(o\s *)ada/m. ou(=tos parqe/nos kai\ di/kaios u(ph=rxe kai\ poimh\n proba/twn: e)c w(=n kai\ qusi/an tw=| qew=| prosagagw\n kai\ dexqei\s a)nairei=tai, fqonhqei\s u(po\ tou= a)delfou= au)tou= *ka/i+n. o( *ka/i+n de\ gewrgo\s tugxa/nwn kai\ meta\ th\n di/khn xeiro/nws biw/sas ste/nwn kai\ tre/mwn h)=n. o( ga\r *)/abel ta\ prwto/toka tw=| qew=| kaqierw=n filo/qeon ma=llon h)\ fi/lauton e(auto\n suni/sth, o(/qen kai\ dia\ th=s a)gaqh=s au)tou= proaire/sews a)pede/xqh. o( de\ *ka/i+n dussebw=s e(autw=| a)pone/mwn ta\ prwtogennh/mata, qew=| de\ ta\ deu/tera, ei)ko/tws kai\ a)peblh/qh. fhsi\ ga/r: kai\ e)ge/neto meq' h(me/ras, prosh/negke *ka/i+n a)po\ tw=n karpw=n th=s gh=s. w(/ste dia\ tou=to *ka/i+n e)le/gxetai, o(/ti mh\ ta\ a)kroqi/nia gennh/mata prosh/negke tw=| qew=|, a)lla\ ta\ meq' h(me/ras kai\ deu/tera.
Notes:
Keywords: agriculture; biography; botany; Christianity; daily life; ethics; food; historiography; religion; zoology
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 20 August 1998@17:57:27.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/abios
Adler number: alpha,47
Translated headword: full-lived
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Antiphon has
a)/bion for one who has acquired a good living.[1] Similarly
Homer has
a)/culon for "full of timber."[2]
*)/abios: *)antifw=n to\n a)/bion e)pi\ tou= polu\n to\n bi/on ta/ttei kekthme/nou. w(/sper kai\ *(/omhros to\ a)/culon a)nti\ tou= polu/culon.
Notes:
= Harpocration s.v. (A2 Keaney).
The point is that the alpha prefix intensifies, rather than negates as it usually does: LSJ entries for
a)/bios (A) and (B) at web address 1. On the different alpha prefixes, see LSJ.
[1] Antiphon (the sophist) B87 F43 Diels-Kranz.
[2]
Homer,
Iliad 11.155 (web address 2):
e)n a)cu/lw|... u(/lh|, of a forest fire falling in "a wood with much dead timber," and thus spreading rapidly. On the meaning of this adjective see
Lexikon des frühgriechischen Epos I (fasc. 6, 1969) 974-75. (Although LSJ correctly defines
cu/lon as 'timber', the entry there for
a)/culos erroneously assumes alpha privative and is misleading.)
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: botany; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@18:59:58.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)abro/tonon
Adler number: alpha,95
Translated headword: wormwood
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Type of plant.
Greek Original:*)abro/tonon: ei)=dos bota/nhs.
Notes:
Wormwood, or other Artemisia species; see e.g.
Theophrastus Enquiry into Plants 6.7.3.
(Also a woman's name in New Comedy.)
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:45:02.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aburta/kh
Adler number: alpha,103
Translated headword: sour-sauce, aburtake, abyrtake, abyrtace
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A sharp-flavored barbarian dish, prepared from leeks and cress[-seeds] and pomegranate kernels and other such things, quite clearly pungent.
Theopompus in
Theseus [writes]: "he will reach the land of the Medes, where aburtake is made mostly of cress and leeks."[1] The noun also appears in the
Kekruphalos of
Menander.[2]
*)aburta/kh: u(po/trimma barbariko\n, kataskeuazo/menon dia\ pra/swn kai\ karda/mwn kai\ r(o/as ko/kkwn kai\ e(te/rwn toiou/twn, drimu\ dhlono/ti. *qeo/pompos *qhsei=: h(/cei de\ *mh/dwn gai=an, e)/nqa karda/mwn plei/stwn poiei=tai kai\ pra/swn a)burta/kh. e)/sti kai\ e)n *kekrufa/lw| *mena/ndrou tou)/noma.
Notes:
[1]
Theopompus fr. 17 Kock, now 18 Kassel-Austin. In the long list of food allowances for the Persian Kings (allegedly seen in Babylon by Alexander the Great) in
Polyaenus 4.3.32 there is a mention of salted capers "from which they make
abyrtakai".
[2]
Menander fr. 280 Kock, 247 Koerte, now 217 Kassel-Austin. For other appearances of the word in comedy see LSJ s.v. at web address 1 below.
Web address 1
Keywords: botany; comedy; food; geography
Translated by: Elizabeth Vandiver on 21 November 1998@17:00:55.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/aganon
Adler number: alpha,145
Translated headword: firewood, broken; good, gentle
Vetting Status: high
Translation: With proparoxytone accent[1] [this means] wood that has been cut up.
Or brushwood and [wood that is] ready to be cut up.[2]
But some [sc. define it as wood] which is not chopped.
But with the oxytone[3] it means fine. Or good or kindly, though some [say] immortal. Whence also [comes the term] a)ganofrosu/nh ["kindly-mindedness"].
Also [sc. attested is the verb] a)ganou=men ["we will make nice"],[4] meaning we will beautify.
And elsewhere: "however gentle you might pass into the Athenian book of death, you would always have your tresses well-garlanded."[5]
Greek Original:*)/aganon: proparocuto/nws to\ kateago\s cu/lon. h)\ to\ fruganw=des kai\ e(/toimon pro\s to\ kateagh=nai. oi( de\ to\ a)pele/khton. *)agano\n de\ o)cuto/nws kalo/n. h)\ a)gaqo\n h)\ i(laro\n, oi( de\ a)qa/naton. e)/nqen kai\ a)ganofrosu/nh. kai\ *)aganou=men, a)nti\ tou= kosmh/somen. kai\ au)=qis: w(s a)/n toi r(ei/h| me\n a)gano\s *)atqi/di de/ltw| khro\s, u(po\ stefa/nois d' ai)e\n e)/xois ploka/mous.
Notes:
cf. generally
alpha 146,
alpha 147,
alpha 148,
alpha 149.
[1] i.e.
a)/ganos (here neuter).
[2] Addendum lacking in mss ASM.
[3] i.e.
a)gano/s (again, here neuter).
[4] Attested only here, but cf. the
scholia to
Aristophanes,
Peace 398 (where
a)galou=men occurs).
[5]
Greek Anthology 7.36.5 (Erucius), on the tomb of
Sophocles; cf. Gow and Page (252-253),
alpha 1421,
beta 453, and
sigma 569.
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip and Some Contemporary Epigrams, vol. I, (Cambridge, 1968)
Keywords: botany; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; poetry; tragedy
Translated by: William Hutton on 28 March 2000@23:57:06.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added note and keywords; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@11:07:52.
Jennifer Benedict (tags) on 26 March 2008@01:08:32.
David Whitehead (augmented n.4; more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 27 March 2008@08:01:50.
David Whitehead (augmented notes; tweaks) on 23 December 2011@05:41:50.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.5, added bibliography, added cross-references, added keyword) on 25 October 2018@15:42:25.
Headword:
*)agelai/a
stafulh/
Adler number: alpha,184
Translated headword: ordinary bunch of grapes
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] the cheap [sort].[1]
Also [sc. attested is] a)gelai=a ["ordinary things"],[2] [meaning] those with no distinction.
Greek Original:*)agelai/a stafulh/: h( eu)telh/s. kai\ *)agelai=a, ta\ ou) gennai=a.
Notes:
cf.
alpha 186,
alpha 187,
alpha 188,
alpha 189.
[1] The headword phrase is presumably quoted from somewhere; as presented here, its adjective is in the feminine nominative singular.
[2] Same adjective but in the neuter nominative/accusative plural.
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 7 June 1999@11:35:43.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*(agistei/as
Adler number: alpha,242
Translated headword: rituals
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning those] of holiness, of cleansing, of service.
Greek Original:*(agistei/as: a(giwsu/nhs, kaqaro/thtos, latrei/as.
Notes:
LSJ entry at web address 1; and cf. generally
alpha 234.
Same material in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha176 Theodoridis), and also in the
scholia to
Plato,
Axiochus 371D, where the headword -- accusative plural, not genitive singular -- occurs.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; philosophy; religion
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:18:45.
Vetted by:Catharine Roth (Added headword translation, note, keywords, and link.) on 18 February 2001@20:06:16.
David Whitehead (modified headword and translation; added note and keyword) on 9 June 2003@09:51:41.
David Whitehead (another keyword; tweaks) on 4 January 2012@04:55:36.
David Whitehead on 18 August 2013@07:55:03.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 22 November 2020@00:51:21.
Headword:
*)/agkesi
Adler number: alpha,245
Translated headword: [in] forests
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning in] tree-filled and wooded places.[1]
In the Epigrams: "with this he slays wild beasts in beast-breeding forests".[2]
Greek Original:*)/agkesi: sunde/ndrois kai\ u(lw/desi to/pois. e)n *)epigra/mmasi: qhrobolei= tou/tw| d' a)/gkesi qhroto/kois.
Notes:
The headword is dative plural of
alpha 248. It is perhaps extracted from the quotation given, though not demonstrably so; there are other extant possibilities in e.g.
Theocritus and
Oppian.
[1] For this glossing cf. the
scholia to
Homer,
Iliad 18.321, where
a)/gke' occurs.
[2]
Greek Anthology 6.186.4 (
Diocles), dedications to Pan by three brothers; cf. Gow and Page (230-231).
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip and Some Contemporary Epigrams, vol. I, (Cambridge, 1968)
Keywords: botany; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry; religion; zoology
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:04:48.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added headword, notes, keywords; cosmetics) on 12 February 2001@04:42:05.
Catharine Roth (Added cross-reference.) on 4 March 2001@22:35:12.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 4 January 2012@05:13:03.
David Whitehead (expanded note; cosmetics) on 9 April 2015@07:42:49.
David Whitehead (coding) on 7 July 2015@02:50:08.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.2, added bibliography, added keyword) on 2 November 2018@18:01:43.
Headword:
*)/agkura
ploi/ou
Adler number: alpha,256
Timeout after 20 seconds; further results omitted.