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Headword:
*)abasa/nistos
Adler number: alpha,21
Translated headword: untested
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone/something] unexercised or unexamined, unscrutinized. The word comes from the test of the goldsmith's stone, on which they scrutinize gold.[1]
Aelian in his
On Providence used the word 'untested' to mean 'without pain'.[2]
*)abasa/nistos: a)gu/mnastos h)\ a)nece/tastos, a)doki/mastos. ei)/rhtai de\ a)po\ th=s basa/nou th=s xrusoxoi+kh=s li/qou, e)n h(=| dokima/zousi to\ xrusi/on. e)xrh/sato de\ *ai)liano\s e)n tw=| peri\ pronoi/as tw=| a)basa/nistos a)nti\ tou= a)/neu o)du/nhs.
Notes:
=
Synagoge alpha4 (
Lexica Segueriana 3.14);
Photius,
Lexicon alpha30 Theodoridis; perhaps ultimately derived in part from
Phrynichus (
Praeparatio rhetorica fr. 39 de Borries); cf.
Hesychius alpha89 and a cluster of related entries:
alpha 2276,
Hesychius alpha4899,
Synagoge alpha589,
Photius alpha1845.
[1]
ba/sanos can mean both the touchstone itself and the testing process. See
beta 139, and cf.
beta 137.
[2]
Aelian fr.9 Hercher (= 9 Domingo-Forasté). The version of the entry at
Synagoge alpha4 includes the information that this is from the third book of the work in question.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:58:18.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aga/lmata
Adler number: alpha,133
Translated headword: delights, ornaments, statues
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] the likenesses of the gods, and anything that is decorative in some way.
Homer [writes]: "but it is stored away as a delight for the king."[1] And Hesiod calls a necklace an "ornament";[2] but
Pindar uses this term for the decoration on a tomb,[3] and
Euripides uses it for the adornments for corpses.[4]
Also something in which someone takes delight.[5]
Also [sc. a term for] image, wooden statue, delight, beauty, ornament, source of pride, palm leaves,[6] [human] statues, [honorific?] inscriptions.
Paintings and [human] statues are also called
agalmata.[7]
agalmation [is] the diminutive form.
*)aga/lmata: ta\ tw=n qew=n mimh/mata, kai\ pa/nta ta\ ko/smou tino\s mete/xonta. *(/omhros: basilh=i+ de\ kei=tai a)/galma. kai\ *(hsi/odos to\n o(/rmon a)/galma kalei=: *pi/ndaros de\ th\n e)pi\ ta/fou sth/lhn ou(/tw kalei=, *eu)ripi/dhs to\n e)pi\ nekroi=s ko/smon. kai\ e)f' w(=| tis a)ga/lletai. kai\ to\ ei)/dwlon, bre/tas, xa/rma, kallonh\, ko/smos, kau/xhma, qalloi\, a)ndria/ntes, e)pigrafai/. *)aga/lmata de\ kai\ ta\s grafa\s kai\ tou\s a)ndria/ntas le/gousin. *)agalma/tion de\ u(pokoristikw=s.
Notes:
The (neuter) headword is the plural of
alpha 131 (and cf.
alpha 132). It is perhaps, though not necessarily, quoted from somewhere.
[1]
Homer,
Iliad 4.144 (web address 1), on an ivory cheek-piece for a horse.
[2] This fragment of Hesiod (142 Merkelbach-West, 233 Rzach) is not known from any other source. It may pertain to the story of Europa in the
Catalogue of Women.
[3]
Pindar,
Nemean Odes 10.125 (67 Bowra): web address 2.
[4]
Euripides,
Alcestis 613: web address 3.
[5] Already at
alpha 131.
[6] Used as prizes for victors in competition.
[7] Same material in
Photius (Lexicon alpha92 Theodoridis) and elsewhere; cf. Kassel-Austin, PCG II p.365 (on
Antiphanes fr.102).
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3
Keywords: art history; athletics; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; ethics; mythology; poetry; religion; trade and manufacture; tragedy
Translated by: William Hutton on 12 January 1999@12:39:04.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*(agistei/as
Adler number: alpha,242
Translated headword: rituals
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning those] of holiness, of cleansing, of service.
Greek Original:*(agistei/as: a(giwsu/nhs, kaqaro/thtos, latrei/as.
Notes:
LSJ entry at web address 1; and cf. generally
alpha 234.
Same material in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha176 Theodoridis), and also in the
scholia to
Plato,
Axiochus 371D, where the headword -- accusative plural, not genitive singular -- occurs.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; philosophy; religion
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:18:45.
Vetted by:Catharine Roth (Added headword translation, note, keywords, and link.) on 18 February 2001@20:06:16.
David Whitehead (modified headword and translation; added note and keyword) on 9 June 2003@09:51:41.
David Whitehead (another keyword; tweaks) on 4 January 2012@04:55:36.
David Whitehead on 18 August 2013@07:55:03.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 22 November 2020@00:51:21.
Headword:
*)agku/risma
Adler number: alpha,261
Translated headword: anchor-hold
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] a kind of wrestling-move. Also [sc. attested is the related participle]
a)gkuri/sas, meaning [someone] wrestling down or taking down by the knee. An 'anchor-hold' is also a hunter's container of figs.[1]
Aristophanes [writes]: "striking, anchoring, then turning his shoulder, you swallowed him up."[2] That is, you smote [him].
*)agku/risma: ei)=dos palai/smatos. kai\ *)agkuri/sas, a)nti\ tou= katapalai/sas h)\ th=| a)gku/lh| katabalw/n. e)/sti de\ a)gku/risma kai\ skeu=os a)greutiko\n su/kwn. *)aristofa/nhs: diabalw\n, a)gkuri/sas, ei)=t' a)postre/yas to\n w)=mon, au)to\n e)kola/bhsas. toute/sti prose/krousas.
Notes:
[1] This meaning is not attested in LSJ (web address 1 below). Perhaps it stems from a misunderstanding of the
Aristophanes passage about to be quoted, where in addition to applying the anchor-hold, Kleon is charged with squeezing treasury officials like ripe figs.
[2]
Aristophanes,
Knights 262-3 (web address 2), with comment from the
scholia there.
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: athletics; botany; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; food; history; imagery
Translated by: Roger Travis on 4 October 2000@12:34:39.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword and translation, added note and link to LSJ, added keywords, set status) on 18 June 2001@01:28:37.
David Whitehead (modified translation; added keyword; restorative and other cosmetics) on 4 May 2003@07:28:30.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 4 January 2012@09:01:44.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 9 April 2015@07:58:17.
Headword:
*)/agos
Adler number: alpha,314
Translated headword: pollution, leader
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Pollution, or elbow.[1] What is honourable and worthy of reverence is also called
agos; hence priesthoods [are called] all-holy [
panageis], and a number of other things.[2]
Thucydides [writes]: "the Spartans sent envoys to
Athens demanding the expulsion of the goddess's curse [
agos]. It was that against Cylon, the ancient Athenian Olympic victor. [...] And they banished the accursed [
enageis]."[3]
But
agos when oxytone [means] leader.[4]
*)/agos: mi/asma, h)\ a)gkw/n. le/getai de\ a)/gos kai\ to\ ti/mion kai\ a)/cion seba/smatos, e)c ou(= kai\ ai( i(e/reiai panagei=s, kai\ a)/lla tina/. *qoukudi/dhs: pe/myantes oi( *lakedaimo/nioi pre/sbeis e)ke/leuon tou\s *)aqhnai/ous to\ a)/gos e)lau/nein th=s qeou=. h)=n de\ to\ kata\ *ku/lwna to\n *)olumpioni/khn to\n *)aqhnai=on to\n pa/lai. kai\ h)/lasan tou\s e)nagei=s. *)ago\s de\ o)cuto/nws o( h(gemw/n.
Notes:
The opening material here is also in
Photius and other lexica.
[1] The second gloss here is a mistake (perhaps by confusion with the following entry, where the same word,
a)gkw/n, is translated 'embrace').
[2] An
a)/gos is "any matter of religious awe": LSJ s.v.; see also
pi 150.
[3]
Thucydides 1.126.2-12 (web address 1), here so drastically abridged as to be misleading. (This banishment was part of the events of 632 BCE, now relevant two centuries later in the build-up to the Peloponnesian War. The original 'accursed' had returned -- and nobody was banished in 432.)
[4] From
Philoponus,
Differences. (For this epic/poetic noun see LSJ s.v.)
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; historiography; history; politics; religion
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 7 July 1999@10:54:13.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Altered headword, cosmetics, raised status) on 21 October 2000@16:02:46.
David Whitehead (augmented keywords; cosmetics) on 9 February 2003@08:40:55.
Catharine Roth (tweaked notes, added cross-reference and link) on 23 April 2008@15:19:18.
David Whitehead (expanded notes; more keywords; cosmetics) on 6 January 2012@04:34:35.
Catharine Roth (upgraded link) on 6 January 2012@12:22:26.
Headword:
*)agw/n
Adler number: alpha,327
Translated headword: contest, training, arena
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Training with a view to competitions.[1] [sc. Also attested is the accusative case]
a)gw=na; and
Homer [sc. uses this term for] the actual place where the competition takes place.[2]
Thucydides in [book] 5 [writes]: "he came into the arena and garlanded the charioteer."[3]
*)agw/n: h( pro\s tou\s a)gw=nas a)/skhsis. *)agw=na: kai\ *(/omhros to\n to/pon au)to\n e)n w(=| a)gwni/zontai. *qoukudi/dhs pe/mpth|: proelqw\n e)s to\n a)gw=na a)ne/dhse to\n h(ni/oxon.
Notes:
Apart from the initial glossing (on which see next note), this material also occurs in
Photius, Lexicon alpha316 Theodoridis.
[1] The word used for 'competitions' here is the (accusative) plural of the headword itself. The Suda seems therefore to be saying, indirectly, that the word denotes both competition and the training for it.
[2] i.e. the arena. Adler cites
Homer,
Iliad 23.273 for this; Theodoridis chooses
Odyssey 8.260. For instances in other authors (including the one about to be quoted here) see LSJ s.v.
a)gw/n I.2.
[3]
Thucydides 5.50.4, on Lichas the Spartan.
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 7 July 1999@11:00:05.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agwna/rxai
Adler number: alpha,328
Translated headword: contest-judges
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Sophocles [writes]: "and lest any contest-judges or he who is my destroyer should give my arms to the Achaeans."[1]
Also [sc. attested is] a proverb: "a contest does not accept excuses."[2] It is applied to those who have not profited at all if they made excuses.
Also [sc. attested is] "a contest does not wait for a pretext."[3] The proverb [is used] in reference to those who are by nature lazy and neglectful; alternatively to those who do not believe the words of those making pretexts.
Greek Original:*)agwna/rxai: *sofoklh=s: kai\ ta)ma\ teu/xh mh/t' a)gwna/rxai tine\s qh/sous' *)axaioi=s mh/q' o( lumew\n e)mo/s. kai\ paroimi/a: *)agw\n ou) de/xetai skh/yeis. ta/ttetai e)pi\ tw=n mhde\n o)niname/nwn ei) skh/yainto. kai\ *)agw\n pro/fasin ou)k a)name/nei. h( paroimi/a e)pi\ tw=n fu/sei r(a|qu/mwn kai\ a)melw=n: h)\ e)pi\ tw=n mh\ prosieme/nwn tou\s lo/gous tw=n profasizome/nwn.
Notes:
[1]
Sophocles,
Ajax 572-3 (web address 1 below); again at
lambda 839.
[2] (Also in the paroemiographers, e.g.
Apostolius 1.25.) Possibly Contest, the divine personification of the
agon (cf.
Pausanias 5.26.3), though the apparently personifying language does not guarantee this. See further, next note.
[3] Used in
Plato,
Cratylus 421D (where a scholiast cited
Aristophanes fr. 321 Kock as an earlier attestation of it) and
Laws 751D. Also in the paroemiographers, e.g. Gregorius 1.11.
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; comedy; daily life; ethics; philosophy; proverbs; religion; tragedy
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 18 March 2001@14:50:17.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agw/nios
Adler number: alpha,332
Translated headword: competitor
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Someone in a competition.[1] Also [sc. attested is] the feminine a)gwni/a, [meaning] fear. But a)goni/a with a short 'o' [means] barrenness.[2]
Greek Original:*)agw/nios: o( e)n a)gw=ni. kai\ qhluko\n *)agwni/a, o( fo/bos. *)agoni/a de\ dia\ tou= o mikrou=, h( stei/rwsis.
Notes:
[1] Same material, according to Adler, in the
Ambrosian Lexicon.
[2] See already
alpha 295.
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 17 June 1999@10:14:24.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Altered headword, cosmetics, set status.) on 21 October 2000@16:13:08.
David Whitehead (restorative cosmetics) on 29 April 2002@08:16:10.
David Whitehead (notes; betacoding and other cosmetics) on 6 January 2012@06:45:19.
Catharine Roth (added note number) on 7 January 2012@19:59:41.
Catharine Roth (coding, more keywords) on 17 June 2023@21:28:51.
Headword:
*)agwniou/menoi
Adler number: alpha,333
Translated headword: about to be contenders
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning they who are] about to enter contests.
"About to be contenders, they might not avert their enemies without a fight."[1]
Greek Original:*)agwniou/menoi: ei)s a)gw=nas e)mbalou=ntes. tou\s polemi/ous a)gwniou/menoi a)potra/pointo a)maxei/.
Notes:
The headword is future participle, masculine nominative plural, of the verb
a)gwni/zomai. It is perhaps extracted from the quotation given, though not demonstrably so, and there are plenty of alternatives (beginning with
Thucydides,
Xenophon and
Plato).
[1] Quotation unidentifiable, but evidently from (or connected with) a war narrative. This brings out the point that the verb in question has military as well as athletic overtones.
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 16 March 2001@10:31:06.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agw/nisma
Adler number: alpha,336
Translated headword: achievement, prize
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] effort, diligence.[1]
"An achievement is there for him to take".[2]
Aristophanes [writes]: "personally, I would like to meet some ("wild beast" is left out) and take an achievement worthy of the journey."[3]
A prize.
*)agw/nisma: spoudh/n, e)pime/leian. a)gw/nisma ti/qetai sullabei=n au)to/n. *)aristofa/nhs: e)gw\ d' eu)cai/mhn a)\n e)ntuxei=n tini [lei/pei qhri/w|] labei=n t' a)gw/nism' a)/cio/n ti th=s o(dou=. e)/paqlon.
Notes:
[1] This glossing shows that the headword, a neuter noun, is in the accusative case, and thus extracted from somewhere other than the quotation about to be given (where it is nominative).
[2] Quotation (also in the
Lexicon Vindobonense) unidentifiable.
[3]
Aristophanes,
Frogs 283-4 (web address 1 below). For the sense of
a)gw/nisma here (both a struggle and its reward) Dover ad loc. compares
Thucydides 7.59.2 (web address 2 below).
Aristophanes, Frogs, edited with introduction and commentary by K.J. Dover (Oxford 1993)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: athletics; biography; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; imagery; zoology
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 20 March 2001@15:31:38.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agwnoqe/ths
Adler number: alpha,338
Translated headword: agonothete
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The man [engaged] in [organising] the theatrical [competitions]; but athlothete [is] the man [engaged] in [organising] the athletic [competitions].
Greek Original:*)agwnoqe/ths: o( e)n toi=s skhnikoi=s, *)aqloqe/ths de\ o( e)n toi=s gumnikoi=s.
Note:
An interesting distinction, but uncorroborated outside lexicography.
Keywords: athletics; comedy; daily life; definition; stagecraft; tragedy
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 7 July 1999@13:32:15.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aqh/naios
Adler number: alpha,731
Translated headword: Athenaios, Athenaeus
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Of Naucratis.[1] Grammarian. Lived in the time of Marcus. He wrote a book with the title
Deipnosophists, in which he records how many of the ancients had a reputation for munificence in giving banquets.[2]
Alexander the Great, after that naval victory over the Spartans and after he had fortified the Peiraeus, sacrificed a hecatomb and feasted all the Athenians.[3] And after his Olympic victory Alcibiades gave a feast for the whole festival.[4] Leophron did the same at the Olympic games.[5] And
Empedocles of Acragas, being a Pythagorean and an abstainer from animal food, when he won an Olympic victory made an ox out of incense, myrrh and expensive perfumes and divided it among those who came to the festival. And
Ion of
Chios, when he won a victory in the tragic competition at
Athens, gave every Athenian a jar of Chian [sc. wine].[6] And Tellias of Acragas, a hospitable man, when 500 horsemen were billeted with him during the winter, gave each of them a cloak and tunic.[7] [It is on record] that
Charmus of Syracuse used to utter little verses and proverbs for every one of the dishes served at his banquets.
Clearchus of Soli calls the poem
Deipnology, others
Opsology,
Chrysippus Gastronomy, others
The Life of Luxury [
Hedypatheia].[8] [It is on record] that in
Plato's
symposium there were 28 diners.
*)aqh/naios, *naukrati/ths, grammatiko\s, gegonw\s e)pi\ tw=n xro/nwn *ma/rkou. e)/graye bibli/on o)/noma *deipnosofistai/: e)n w(=| mnhmoneu/ei, o(/soi tw=n palaiw=n megaloyu/xws e)/docan e(stia=n. o( me/gas *)ale/candros ka)kei/nhn nikh/sas naumaxi/an *lakedaimoni/ous kai\ teixi/sas to\n *peiraia= kai\ e(kato/mbhn qu/sas pa/ntas ei(sti/asen *)aqhnai/ous. kai\ *)alkibia/dhs *)olu/mpia nikh/sas th\n panh/gurin a(/pasan ei(sti/ase. to\ au)to\ kai\ *leo/frwn *)olumpia/si. kai\ *)empedoklh=s o( *)akraganti=nos, *puqagoriko\s w)\n kai\ e)myu/xwn a)pexo/menos, *)olu/mpia nikh/sas, e)k libanwtou= kai\ smu/rnhs kai\ tw=n polutelw=n a)rwma/twn bou=n a)napla/sas die/neime toi=s ei)s th\n panh/gurin a)panth/sasi. kai\ o( *xi=os *)/iwn tragw|di/an nikh/sas *)aqh/nhsin e(ka/stw| tw=n *)aqhnai/wn e)/dwke *xi=on kera/mion. kai\ o( *)akraganti=nos *telli/as filo/cenos w)\n katalu/sasi/ pote f# i(ppeu=sin w(/ra| xeimw=nos, e)/dwken e(ka/stw| xitw=na kai\ i(ma/tion. o(/ti *xa/rmos o( *surakou/sios ei)s e(/kaston tw=n e)n toi=s dei/pnois paratiqeme/nwn stixi/dia kai\ paroimi/as e)/lege. *kle/arxos de\ o( *soleu\s deipnologi/an kalei= to\ poi/hma, a)/lloi o)yologi/an, *xru/sippos gastronomi/an, a)/lloi h(dupa/qeian. o(/ti e)n tw=| sumposi/w| *pla/twnos kh# h)=san daitumo/nes.
Notes:
Fl. c. AD 200. See generally RE
Athenaios(22); NP
Athenaios(3); OCD4
Athenaeus(1); Olson (2006), vii.
[1] In Egypt (see
nu 58).
[2] cf.
delta 359,
sigma 1397. What follows is excerpted from
Athenaeus 1.3D-4A [1.5 Kaibel], 4E (epit.).
[3] Two of
Athenaeus' examples (3D) have been run together here (and again at
alpha 1123): the 'naval victory over the Spartans' refers to
Conon's victory at Cnidus (394 BC).
[4] cf.
alpha 1280 (end).
[5]
Athenaeus says (3E) that
Simonides wrote a victory ode commemorating this (PMG 515, and Olson, 2006, 15 n.34).
[6] cf.
iota 487 (end) and
chi 314. On "Chian" and other wines with specific (though not necessarily simple) city-connections see A. Dalby, "Topikos Oinos", in D. Harvey and J. Wilkins (eds.),
The Rivals of Aristophanes (London 2000) 397-405.
[7] cf.
tau 272.
[8] cf.
chi 132. The poem in question was in fact by
Archestratus of
Gela; see discussion of the title (most probably
Hedypatheia) in S. D. Olson and A. Sens (eds.),
Archestratos of Gela: Greek Culture and Cuisine in the Fourth Century BCE(Oxford 2000) xxii-xxiv.
D. Braund and J. Wilkins, eds. Athenaeus and his World. Exeter, 2000
S.D. Olson, Athenaeus: The Learned Banqueters (Loeb Classical Library: 2006-)
Keywords: architecture; athletics; biography; chronology; clothing; economics; food; geography; historiography; history; military affairs; philosophy; proverbs; religion; tragedy
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 7 July 1999@14:13:15.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aqlhta/s
Adler number: alpha,740
Translated headword: athletes
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] competitors, men in training.[1]
Aelian [uses the word].[2] "Consequently he not only prepared them to have these things, but he also created athletes in other [kinds of] injustice and filthiness. For what shameful or terrible thing was not present? And what good and wholesome thing was not absent?"[3]
*)aqlhta/s: a)gwnista\s, a)skhta/s. *ai)liano/s: toigarou=n ou) mo/non tau=t' e)/xein au)tou\s pareskeu/azen, a)lla\ kai\ th=s a)/llhs a)diki/as kai\ bdeluri/as a)qlhta\s pareskeu/azen. ti/ ga\r tw=n ai)sxrw=n kai\ deinw=n au)toi=s ou) prosh=n; h)\ ti/ tw=n kalw=n kai\ spoudai/wn ou)k a)ph=n;
Notes:
[1] cf. generally
alpha 741,
alpha 4170. The present headword (+ gloss) is accusative plural, presumably extracted from the quotation given -- on which see next two notes.
[2] Perhaps in
De natura animalium 4.1. Not, at any rate, in the quotation which now follows: see next note.
[3]
Polybius 8.9.8-9, himself quoting
Theopompus (FGrH 115 F225; cf.
Athenaeus,
Deipnosophists 6.260E = 6.77 Kaibel), on the
hetairoi of Philip II of Macedon.
C. de Boor, "Suidas und die Konstantinsche Exzerptsammlung I." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 21 (1912) 418
Keywords: athletics; biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; historiography; history; imagery
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 18 December 1999@09:41:39.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aqlhth/s
Adler number: alpha,741
Translated headword: athlete, champion
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The man trained thoroughly in [sc. winning] prizes.
"The Romans dispatched a man [who was] a champion of wars like[1] Hannibal".[2]
Greek Original:*)aqlhth/s: o( tou\s a)/qlous e)chskhkw/s. oi( de\ *(rwmai=oi a)/ndra pole/mwn a)qlhth\n w(s to\n *)anni/ban e)kpe/mpousin.
Notes:
Keywords: athletics; biography; definition; historiography; history; imagery; military affairs
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 20 December 1999@17:03:49.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (modified translation; added notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 25 January 2001@06:54:36.
David Whitehead (augmented keywords; cosmetics) on 12 May 2006@08:31:15.
David Whitehead (x-ref; more keywords; raised status) on 7 February 2011@10:25:37.
David Whitehead (more x-refs) on 20 January 2012@04:55:27.
Headword:
*)=aqlon
Adler number: alpha,742
Translated headword: prize
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] an object of competition, the honour, the recompense, the winning of the contest. Also [sc. attested is] a)=qlos, masculine, [meaning] both the deed and the object of competition and the reward. This differs from the neuter [in] that while the neuter properly indicates the prize, this [masculine indicates] the contest.
Greek Original:*)=aqlon: a)gw/nisma, h( timh\, o( misqo\s, to\ tou= a)gw=nos brabei=on. kai\ *)=aqlos a)rsenikw=s, to\ e)/rgon kai\ to\ a)gw/nisma kai\ to\ e)/paqlon. diafe/rei de\ tou=to tou= ou)dete/rou, o(/ti to\ me\n ou)de/teron dhloi= kuri/ws to\ e)/paqlon, tou=to de\ to\n a)gw=na.
Note:
Same material in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha476 and alpha477 Theodoridis), and cf. also the
scholia to
Thucydides 1.6.5 (where the neuter plural occurs: web address 1).
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; historiography
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 15 February 2000@22:01:30.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)akadhmi/a
Adler number: alpha,774
Translated headword: Academy
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A place of exercise in
Athens, a wooded suburb in which
Plato used to spend his time; named after Hekademos, a hero. It was formerly called the Hecademy, [spelled] with epsilon.[1]
Aristophanes in
Clouds [writes]: "but going down into the Academy, you will run crowned with pale reeds under the sacred olives with a sound-minded age-mate, smelling of bindweed and quietude and the bright falling leaves, delighting in the season of spring, when the plane tree whispers to the elm."[2]
*)akadhmi/a: gumna/sion e)n *)aqh/nais, proa/steion a)lsw=des e)n w(=| die/tribe *pla/twn, a)po\ *(ekadh/mou tino\s h(/rwos o)nomasqe/n. pro/teron de\ dia\ tou= e *(ekadhmi/a e)kalei=to. *)aristofa/nhs *nefe/lais: a)ll' ei)s *(ekadhmi/an katiw\n, u(po\ tai=s mori/ais a)poqre/ceis stefanwsa/menos kala/mw| leukw=| meta\ sw/fronos h(likiw/tou, mi/lakos o)/zwn kai\ a)pragmosu/nhs kai\ leu/khs fullobolou/shs, h)=ros e)n w(/ra| xai/rwn, o(po/t' a)\n pla/tanos ptele/a| yiquri/zh|.
Notes:
References:
Baltes, Matthias. "Plato's School, the Academy," Hermathena 155 (1993) 3-26
Dancy, R.M. Two Studies in the Early Academy (SUNY Press, New York: 1991)
Dorandi, T. "Four Testimonia on the Academy," Classical Quarterly 38 (1988) 576-578
Keywords: aetiology; athletics; biography; botany; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; imagery; philosophy; religion
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 13 January 2000@00:44:18.
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Headword:
*)akampi/as
Adler number: alpha,795
Translated headword: bendless, unbending
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] straight-coursed.
Also [sc. attested is the phrase] a)ka/mpios dro/mos ["bendless course"],[1] a long and straight walk.
Greek Original:*)akampi/as: o( eu)qu/dromos. kai\ *)aka/mpios dro/mos, o( makro\s kai\ di' eu)qei/as peri/patos.
Notes:
Similar material in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha709 and alpha710 Theodoridis. From the vocabulary of racing, whether equestrian or on foot. See LSJ s.v.
[1] cf.
kappa 292 for the opposite.
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 16 February 2000@11:26:40.
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Headword:
*)akoniti/
Adler number: alpha,923
Translated headword: dustless
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] away from dust.[1]
Without struggle and fight; or comfortably, from a metaphor of athletes who win so comfortably that they do not even get dusty.[2]
Greek Original:*)akoniti/: xwri\s ko/news. a)/neu a)gw=nos kai\ ma/xhs: h)\ eu)marw=s, a)po\ metafora=s tw=n a)qlhtw=n tw=n ou(/tws eu)marw=s periginome/nwn w(/ste mhde\ koni/sasqai.
Notes:
As LSJ s.v. shows, already in the C5 BCE we find attested the metaphorical usage (
Thucydides 4.73.2) alongside the literal one (
Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum 36B.20, of an Olympic boxing victory).
See further
alpha 924, and under
lambda 688.
[1] Similar glossing in
Hesychius s.v., where Latte cites
Demosthenes 18.200 (
a)konitei/ in modern editions).
[2] Same or similar glossing in
Photius and elsewhere.
Translated by: David Whitehead on 15 February 2001@03:19:01.
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Headword:
*)ako/niton
Adler number: alpha,924
Translated headword: aconite
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A kind of plant [sc. which is also a] drug.[1]
"But by drinking aconite he escaped this [sc. charge] a)koniti/."[2] That is, without trouble.[3]
Greek Original:*)ako/niton: ei)=dos bota/nhs farma/kou. a)lla\ piw\n a)ko/niton u(pe/kfuge tou=t' a)koniti/. toute/sti xwri\s ko/pou.
Notes:
Same entry in ps.-
Zonaras.
[1] Same glossing, according to Adler, in the
Ambrosian Lexicon (1039).
[2]
Diogenes Laertius 5.8: the third line of a short poem of his own (=
Greek Anthology 7.107.3) on the supposed suicide of
Aristotle (ib. 5.6, and see under
alpha 3929).
[3] For
a)koniti/, "dustless", see
alpha 923.
Translated by: David Whitehead on 16 February 2001@03:08:13.
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Headword:
*)akontistu/s
Adler number: alpha,927
Translated headword: javelin-hurling
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] javelin-throwing.
Greek Original:*)akontistu/s: h( a)ko/ntisis.
Notes:
Same entry, according to Adler, in the
Ambrosian Lexicon.
Hesychius has the accusative case
a)kontistu/n (glossed with
a)kontismo/n) and, as Latte notes there, it is extracted from
Homer,
Iliad 23.622.
cf. generally
alpha 926.
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 21 March 2001@18:58:01.
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Headword:
*)akroxeiri/zesqai
Adler number: alpha,1023
Translated headword: to struggle at arms length
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] to box or wrestle[1] against another man without close engagement, or to practice with another wholly with the extremities of the hands.[2]
Also [sc. attested is the athlete] Akrokhersites, so named because by seizing the fingertips of his opponent he would break them off and not let go before ascertaining that the man had given in. There was also Leontiskos, a Messenian out of
Sicily, who competed in a similar way; this man used to wrestle.[3]
Also [sc. attested is the term]
a)kroxeiri/s, [meaning] the top of the hand.[4]
*)akroxeiri/zesqai: pukteu/ein h)\ pagkratia/zein pro\s e(/teron a)/neu sumplokh=s, h)\ o(/lws a)/krais tai=s xersi\ met' a)/llou gumna/zesqai. kai\ *)akroxersi/ths ou(/tw kalou/menos. lambano/menos ga\r a)/krwn tw=n xeirw=n tou= a)ntagwnistou= e)/kla kai\ ou) pro/teron h)fi/ei, pri\n ai)/sqoito a)pagoreu/santos. h)=n de\ kai\ *leonti/skos, *messh/nios e)k *sikeli/as, paraplhsi/ws a)gwnizo/menos: ou(=tos de\ e)pa/laie. kai\ *)akroxeiri\s, to\ a)/kron th=s xeiro/s.
Notes:
[1] More exactly, to engage in the pankration, a no-holds-barred combination of boxing and wrestling (
pi 11).
[2] Same material in other lexica, including
Timaeus'
Platonic Lexicon; also in the
scholia to [
Plato],
Alcibiades 1 107E, from where the headword is evidently quoted.
[3] Abbreviated from
Pausanias 6.4.1-3. The actual name of this "Akrokhersites" was Sostratos (of
Sikyon); cf.
sigma 866. Leontiskos has his own Suda entry at
lambda 258, where it is stated - going beyond what
Pausanias actually warrants - that he too was known as Akrokhersites.
[4] Attested only here and, according to Adler, in the
Ambrosian Lexicon.
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 7 March 2000@02:24:26.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/aktia
Adler number: alpha,1037
Translated headword: Aktia, Actia
Vetting Status: high
Translation: An ancient [sc. athletic] contest, as
Callimachus makes clear in his [treatise]
On contests.
*)/aktia: a)gw\n palaio\s, w(s *kalli/maxos e)n tw=| peri\ tw=n *)agw/nwn dh=lon poiei=.
Notes:
Abridged, here and in other lexica, from Harpokration s.v., an entry generated in the first instance by
Hyperides fr. 155 Jensen (contextless); hence it can presumably be inferred that
Athens had one.
The
Callimachus reference is fr. 403 Pfeiffer.
Translated by: Catharine Roth on 13 April 2000@01:10:00.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (cosmetics; added note) on 1 October 2000@09:40:55.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; tweaks; raised status) on 24 June 2011@09:40:16.
Headword:
*)alektruo/na
a)qlhth\n
*tanagrai=on
Adler number: alpha,1117
Translated headword: a cock [and ] an athlete from Tanagra
Vetting Status: high
Translation: "These sing nobly."[1] "He sends it to be a votive offering and a delight to Asklepios, as if the bird were an attendant or servant in the temple, that man of
Aspendos".[2]
And [there is] a saying: "he claimed I had a cock's stomach. 'For you will quickly digest the money', [said he]."[3]
Look, concerning their spurs, under
ai)=re plh=ktron ["raise a spur"].[4]
*)alektruo/na a)qlhth\n *tanagrai=on: a)/|dontai de\ eu)genei=s ou(=toi. a)fi/hsi tw=| *)asklhpiw=| a)na/qhma/ te kai\ a)/qurma ei)=nai, oi(onei\ qera/ponta kai\ oi)ke/thn peripolou=nta tw=| new=| to\n o)/rnin, o( *)aspe/ndios e)kei=nos. kai\ paroimi/a: a)lektruo/nos m' e)/faske koili/an e)/xein. taxu\ ga\r kaqeyei=s t' a)rgu/rion. zh/tei peri\ plh/ktrwn au)tw=n e)n tw=| ai)=re plh=ktron.
Notes:
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; comedy; daily life; geography; meter and music; proverbs; religion; zoology
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 5 April 2000@11:13:35.
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Headword:
*)ale/candros
o(
*mamai/as
Adler number: alpha,1124
Translated headword: Alexander Mamaias, Alexander son of Mamaia
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Ruling with his mother he administered everything under her; it was she who took care of the empire in every respect. So she persuaded him to judge trials for the most part, so that he would be occupied with those things and have no opportunity to get into trouble. He was born with a natural disposition both meek and tame and inclined towards benevolence. So into his fourteenth year of ruling the kingdom he ruled without bloodshed, despite the fact that certain people had fallen foul of major accusations, so that after the death of Marcus[1] the empire was astonished by Alexander. He even censured his mother and was altogether vexed seeing her being materialistic and storing up many [profits] from capricious dealing. But he was forced by her to do many things; for his mother ruled exceedingly over him. She carried on with deeds shameful and unbecoming to rulers, and secretly summoned teachers in every discipline; he then said farewell to both wrestling-schools and gymnasia and scared away the teachers. To such an extent did things drift that everything changed, from the stage and the public theatres to the greatest offices of state. Because of this they hated him.
Greek Original:*)ale/candros o( *mamai/as: su\n th=| mhtri\ a)/rcas u(p' e)kei/nh| pa/nta diw/|kei, h(/tis pantaxo/qen e)frou/rei th\n a)rxh/n. dika/zein te ou)=n au)to\n e)/peiqen e)pi\ plei=ston, w(s a)\n e)n tou/tois a)sxolou/menos mh\ e)/xoi kairo\n e)s to\ e)pithdeu/ein ti tw=n a(marthma/twn. u(ph=rxe de\ au)tw=| kai\ fusiko\n h)=qos pra=on kai\ h(/meron e)/s te to\ fila/nqrwpon pa/nu e)pirrepe/s. e)s tessareskaide/katon ou)=n e)/tos a)/rcas th=s basilei/as, a)naimwti\ h)=rce, kai/toi tinw=n megi/stais ai)ti/ais u(popeso/ntwn, w(s meta\ th\n *ma/rkou teleuth\n th\n basilei/an qauma/zein *)aleca/ndrou. h)|tia=to de\ kai\ th\n mhte/ra kai\ pa/nu h)/sxallen o(rw=n au)th\n ou)=san filoxrh/maton kai\ polla\ e)c e)phreiw=n qhsauri/zousan. polla\ de\ u(p' au)th=s h)nagka/zeto pra/ttein: h)=rxe ga\r au)tou= u(perballo/ntws h( mh/thr. h(/tis a)ph=ge tw=n ai)sxrw=n kai\ a)prepw=n toi=s basileu=sin e)/rgwn, didaska/lous te pa/shs paidei/as la/qra metepe/mpeto: o( de\ palai/strais te kai\ gumnasi/ois e)/xaire kai\ tou\s didaska/lous a)peso/bei. e)s tosou=ton de\ e)cw/keilen, w(s dh\ pa/nta ta\ a)po\ th=s skhnh=s kai\ tw=n dhmosi/wn qea/trwn metagagei=n e)pi\ ta\s a)rxa\s ta\s megi/stas. dia\ tou=to e)musa/ttonto au)to/n.
Notes:
"Alexander Mamaias" (again in brief at
mu 123) is the emperor M. Aurelius
Severus Alexander; ruled 222-235. The present entry derives from John of
Antioch, frs. 140 and (from "She carried on...") 138 FHG (= now frs. 219 and 218 Roberto). See generally OCD(4) pp.212-13; and
De Imperatoribus Romanis entry (Herbert Benario) at web address 1.
[1] His cousin and predecessor M. Aurelius Antoninus Elagabalus (ruled 218-222).
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; biography; chronology; ethics; historiography; history; law; politics; women
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 9 May 2000@19:28:05.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)alei=ptai
Adler number: alpha,1157
Translated headword: anointers, masseurs, trainers
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] those working for the [sc. athletics] contests.
The Theologian [writes]: "trainers of excellence".[1]
Also [sc. attested is the singular] a)lei/pths, [meaning] the contest-director.[2]
Greek Original:*)alei=ptai: oi( pro\s tou\s a)gw=nas e)paskou=ntes. o( *qeolo/gos: a)lei=ptai th=s a)reth=s. kai\ *)alei/pths, o( a)gwnoqe/ths.
Notes:
Likewise in the Synagoge.
[1] Gregory of Nazianus PG 36,500c.
[2] Likewise, according to Adler, in the Ambrosian Lexicon.
Keywords: athletics; Christianity; definition; ethics; imagery; religion
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 25 April 2000@19:46:52.
Vetted by:
You might also want to look for athletics in
other resources.
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