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Headword:
*)abi/wton
Adler number: alpha,49
Translated headword: unlivable
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning something] bad [and] annoying, painful.[1]
"He found it an unlivable situation if he could not control the city".[2]
Also [sc. attested is the masculine] a)bi/wtos, he who is not alive.[3]
Greek Original:*)abi/wton: kako\n a)hde\s, o)dunhro/n. o( de\ a)biw/tws ei)=xen, ei) mh\ krath/soi th=s po/lews. kai\ *)abi/wtos, o( mh\ zw=n.
Notes:
[1] Same material in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha39 Theodoridis. The headword -- shown by the glossing to be neuter nominative/accusative singular rather than masculine accusative singular -- is evidently quoted from somewhere. The possibilities are numerous. (Latte on
Hesychius s.v. confidently asserts
Euripides,
Alcestis 242.)
[2] Quotation unidentifiable -- but perhaps from
Plutarch, who has several instances of the idiom
a)biw/tws e)/xein.
[3] For this word see also
alpha 50.
Keywords: biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; history; politics; tragedy
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:01:02.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*(abroko/mas
Adler number: alpha,83
Translated headword: Abrokomas, Habrokomas, Abrocomas
Vetting Status: high
Translation: This man was satrap[1] under Artaxerxes, king of the Persians.[2]
Greek Original:*(abroko/mas: ou(=tos satra/phs h)=n *)artace/rcou tou= *persw=n basile/ws.
Notes:
From Harpokration (and
Photius) s.v. The name has a smooth breathing (Abrokomas) there, as in
Xenophon before them (below); in the Suda it is rough (Habrokomas).
[1] Provincial governor; see
sigma 153 (and generally OCD(4) p.1321).
[2] There were several Persian kings of this name (see generally OCD(4) p.175), but probably Artaxerxes II (405/4-359/8) is meant; he had a general called Abrokomas, mentioned by
Xenophon in the
Anabasis.
Keywords: biography; chronology; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; historiography; history; military affairs; politics
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:36:18.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agaqoklh=s
Adler number: alpha,117
Translated headword: Agathokles, Agathocles
Vetting Status: high
Translation: This man became tyrant [of Syracuse] and, as
Timaeus says, in his early youth was a common prostitute, ready [to give himself] to the most debauched, a jackdaw, a buzzard,[1] presenting his backside to all who wanted it. When he died, says [
Timaeus], his wife cried out to him in lamentation, "What [did] I not [carnally do to] you? And what [did] you not [reciprocate to] me?"[2] That nature had endowed Agathokles with great advantages is clear. For escaping the wheel, the smoke[of the kiln and] the clay,[3] he came to Syracuse, at about the age of eighteen, and in a short time, starting from such beginnings, he became master of the whole of
Sicily, exposed the Carthaginians to extreme dangers, and finally, having grown old in the role of dynast, ended his life with the title of king.[4]
Greek Original:*)agaqoklh=s: ou(=tos e)ge/neto tu/rannos kai\, w(/s fhsi *ti/maios, kata\ th\n prw/thn h(liki/an koino\s po/rnos, e(/toimos toi=s a)kratesta/tois, koloio\s, trio/rxhs, pa/ntwn tw=n boulome/nwn toi=s o)/pisqen e)/mprosqen gegonw/s. o(\s o(/te a)pe/qane, th\n gunai=ka fhsi\ kataklaiome/nhn au)to\n ou(/tw qrhnei=n: ti/ d' ou)k e)gw\ se/; ti/ d' ou)k e)me\ su/; o(/ti de\ e)k fu/sews a)na/gkh mega/la proterh/mata gegone/nai peri\ to\n *)agaqokle/a, tou=to dh=lon. ei)s ga\r ta\s *surakou/sas paregenh/qh feu/gwn to\n troxo\n, to\n kapno\n, to\n phlo\n, peri/ te th\n h(liki/an o)ktwkai/deka e)/th gegonw\s, kai\ meta/ tina xro/non o(rmhqei\s u(po\ toiau/ths u(poqe/sews, ku/rios me\n e)genh/qh pa/shs *sikeli/as, megi/stois de\ kindu/nois perie/sthse *karxhdoni/ous, te/los e)gghra/sas th=| dunastei/a|, kate/streye to\n bi/on basileu\s prosagoreuo/menos.
Notes:
360-289 BCE; he ruled Syracuse from 317-289. See generally OCD(4) p.36, under
Agathocles(1).
The entry presents a semi-verbatim and mildly abridged extract from
Polybius (12.15.2-7: web address 1 below), who is in turn citing, disapprovingly,
Timaeus of Tauromenium (FGrH 566 F124b).
[1] On this passage K.J. Dover,
Greek Homosexuality (London 1978) p.103 writes: 'The jackdaw here probably sybolises impudence and shamelessness; the buzzard, in Greek
triorkhes, having three testicles, presumably symbolises insatiable lust, which is assumed to characterise the true
pornos'. Cf.
tau 995, where the first part of this quotation reappears.
[2] Probably Theoxene, the daughter or stepdaughter of
Ptolemy I Soter and the third wife of Agathokles. See F.W. Walbank,
A historical commentary on Polybius (Oxford, 1967) v.2 p.361.
[3] His father owned a large pottery. See
Diodorus 19.2.7; 20.63.4. As with equivalent figures in (e.g.) late-C5
Athens, such as Kleon, we see here the conceit that those whose wealth lay in manufacture would actually participate in (and be debased by) the actual manufacturing.
[4] Agathokles assumed the title of king in 305. See
Diodorus 20.54.1.
References:
Berve, H., Die Herrschaft des Agathokles (Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1953)
Agathokles(15) in RE 1.1 748-757
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; constitution; daily life; ethics; gender and sexuality; historiography; history; politics; trade and manufacture; women; zoology
Translated by: David Whitehead on 10 February 2001@10:07:49.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agasiklh=s
Adler number: alpha,169
Translated headword: Agasikles, Agasicles
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. He is said to have bribed[1] the Halimousians, and for that reason, although he was a foreigner, to have been accorded [sc. Athenian] citizenship.[2]
Greek Original:*)agasiklh=s: o)/noma ku/rion. o(\s le/getai *(alimousi/nois sundika/sai kai\ dia\ tou=to ce/nos w)\n e)ggrafh=nai th=| politei/a|.
Notes:
After the initial generic gloss, this entry is abridged from Harpokration s.v.
[1] Reading
sundeka/sai for the transmitted
sundika/sai ("to share in judging"). See LSJ s.v.
sundeka/zw at web address 1; see also n. 1 to
alpha 1231.
[2] This is RE Agasikles 2; his claim to Athenian citizenship was contested in a speech by
Dinarchus.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; constitution; definition; economics; ethics; history; law; politics; rhetoric
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 7 June 1999@11:24:47.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)age/neia
Adler number: alpha,197
Translated headword: low birth
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Bad birth.
Greek Original:*)age/neia: h( dusge/neia.
Notes:
The headword literally means lack of birth. It is first attested in the
Politics of
Aristotle 6.1317b40 (web address 1 below) where
a)ge/neia,
peni/a and
banausi/a are the defining characteristics, from a hostile standpoint, of democracy.
Similar entry in
Hesychius, but in the accusative case and with the two nouns reversed.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: constitution; daily life; definition; ethics; philosophy; politics
Translated by: William Hutton on 17 October 2000@02:31:44.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)agkuloxei/lhs
kai\
*)agkulo/xeilos
Adler number: alpha,255
Translated headword: crooked-beaked
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Bent-beaked, an epithet of the eagle, which has curved talons.[1] But in reference to Cleon [it means] having crooked hands for theft and seizure.
Greek Original:*)agkuloxei/lhs kai\ *)agkulo/xeilos: skolio/xeilos, e)pi/qeton tou= a)etou=, e)pikampei=s ta\s xhla\s e)/xwn. e)pi\ de\ *kle/wnos, a)gku/las ta\s xei=ras e)/xwn pro\s to\ kle/ptein kai\ a(rpa/zein.
Notes:
The headword actually presents two words (related to
chi 225) that differ only in having different adjectival endings:
a)gkuloxei/lhs and
a)gkulo/xeilos; LSJ only documents the existence of the former.
[1] From the
scholia to
Aristophanes,
Knights 197 (web address 1 below), where an adjective variously transmitted as
a)gkuloxei/lhs or
a)gkuloxh/lhs ('crooked clawed', from
chi 276) is applied to Cleon (
kappa 1731). The latter is what modern editors rightly print, but note that in late Greek the two words would have been homophones. See LSJ at
a)gkuloxh/lhs (web address 2).
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: biography; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; economics; ethics; imagery; medicine; politics; zoology
Translated by: Roger Travis on 4 October 2000@11:53:19.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword and translation, augmented notes and added links, added keywords, set status) on 15 June 2001@09:32:39.
David Whitehead (added x-ref; restorative cosmetics) on 10 February 2003@09:16:21.
David Whitehead (tweaked notes; more keywords; cosmetics) on 1 June 2009@04:19:34.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks) on 4 January 2012@08:56:26.
Headword:
*)agnw/neios
Adler number: alpha,285
Translated headword: Hagnoneian, Hagnonian
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The son of [H]agnon.[1]
Also [sc. attested is] [H]agnonides.[2]
Greek Original:*)agnw/neios: o( tou= *)/agnwnos pai=s. kai\ *)agnwni/dhs.
Notes:
[1] An entry seemingly generated by
Thucydides 5.11.1, which records the demolition in 422 BCE of the "Hagnonian buildings" of
Amphipolis, i.e. those buildings associated with its Athenian founder Hagnon, father of Theramenes (
theta 342, etc.). The scholiast to the passage glosses the adjective, there in the neuter plural, as "those of (H)agnon". Here it is nominative singular; but even so it cannot have been an authentic way to refer to Hagnon's son.
[2] Athenian political figure of the third quarter of the C4 BCE, implicated in the "Harpalos Affair" (see generally
alpha 4000).
Keywords: architecture; biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; historiography; history; politics
Translated by: Roger Travis on 23 October 2000@13:31:07.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added notes and keyword; cosmetics) on 29 April 2002@06:29:13.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 20 November 2005@09:58:45.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 5 January 2012@07:31:30.
Headword:
*)agora/sw
Adler number: alpha,305
Translated headword: I will go to market
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Meaning I will spend time in [the] marketplace.
Aristophanes [writes]: "and I will go to market in arms alongside Aristogeiton."[1] Meaning I will spend time in the market with Aristogeiton, near Aristogeiton.[2] That is,[3] "in a myrtle branch we will carry our sword, just like Harmodios and Aristogeiton". For they, having drawn their swords from myrtle branches, struck down the tyrant.
Greek Original:*)agora/sw: a)nti\ tou= e)n a)gora=| diatri/yw. *)aristofa/nhs: a)gora/sw t' e)n toi=s o(/plois e(ch=s *)aristogei/toni. a)nti\ tou= e)n th=| a)gora=| diatri/yw meta\ *)aristogei/tonos, e)ggu\s *)aristogei/tonos. toute/stin e)n mursi/nw| kla/dw| to\ ci/fos fore/somen, w(/sper *(armo/dios kai\ *)aristogei/twn. ou(=toi ga\r a)po\ tw=n mursi/nwn kla/dwn ta\ ci/fh a)naspa/santes to\n tu/rannon kate/balon.
Notes:
See also
epsilon 1384,
phi 592.
[1]
Aristophanes,
Lysistrata 633 (web address 1 below), with comment from the
scholia there.
[2] On the statues of the tyrannicides (see further, next note) Aristogeiton and Harmodios in the Athenian
Agora, see in brief J.M. Camp,
The Athenian Agora (London 1986) 38; cf. OCD(4) s.v. Aristogiton (pp.156-7); and at length M.W. Taylor,
The Tyrant Slayers (New York 1981) 51-77.
[3] What follows this less-than-apposite opening is a line from one of the skolia (drinking songs) -- best preserved in
Athenaeus,
Deipnosophists 15.695A-B [15.50 Kaibel] -- which commemorated the assassination of Hipparchos in 514 BCE. See generally M. Ostwald,
Nomos and the Beginnings of the Athenian Democracy (Oxford 1969) 121-136.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; botany; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; history; military affairs; meter and music; politics; trade and manufacture
Translated by: William Hutton on 30 October 2000@00:44:39.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/agos
Adler number: alpha,314
Translated headword: pollution, leader
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Pollution, or elbow.[1] What is honourable and worthy of reverence is also called
agos; hence priesthoods [are called] all-holy [
panageis], and a number of other things.[2]
Thucydides [writes]: "the Spartans sent envoys to
Athens demanding the expulsion of the goddess's curse [
agos]. It was that against Cylon, the ancient Athenian Olympic victor. [...] And they banished the accursed [
enageis]."[3]
But
agos when oxytone [means] leader.[4]
Greek Original:*)/agos: mi/asma, h)\ a)gkw/n. le/getai de\ a)/gos kai\ to\ ti/mion kai\ a)/cion seba/smatos, e)c ou(= kai\ ai( i(e/reiai panagei=s, kai\ a)/lla tina/. *qoukudi/dhs: pe/myantes oi( *lakedaimo/nioi pre/sbeis e)ke/leuon tou\s *)aqhnai/ous to\ a)/gos e)lau/nein th=s qeou=. h)=n de\ to\ kata\ *ku/lwna to\n *)olumpioni/khn to\n *)aqhnai=on to\n pa/lai. kai\ h)/lasan tou\s e)nagei=s. *)ago\s de\ o)cuto/nws o( h(gemw/n.
Notes:
The opening material here is also in
Photius and other lexica.
[1] The second gloss here is a mistake (perhaps by confusion with the following entry, where the same word,
a)gkw/n, is translated 'embrace').
[2] An
a)/gos is "any matter of religious awe": LSJ s.v.; see also
pi 150.
[3]
Thucydides 1.126.2-12 (web address 1), here so drastically abridged as to be misleading. (This banishment was part of the events of 632 BCE, now relevant two centuries later in the build-up to the Peloponnesian War. The original 'accursed' had returned -- and nobody was banished in 432.)
[4] From
Philoponus,
Differences. (For this epic/poetic noun see LSJ s.v.)
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: athletics; biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; historiography; history; politics; religion
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 7 July 1999@10:54:13.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Altered headword, cosmetics, raised status) on 21 October 2000@16:02:46.
David Whitehead (augmented keywords; cosmetics) on 9 February 2003@08:40:55.
Catharine Roth (tweaked notes, added cross-reference and link) on 23 April 2008@15:19:18.
David Whitehead (expanded notes; more keywords; cosmetics) on 6 January 2012@04:34:35.
Catharine Roth (upgraded link) on 6 January 2012@12:22:26.
Headword:
*)/agrion
u(poble/pei
me
Adler number: alpha,357
Timeout after 20 seconds; further results omitted.