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Headword:
Abba
Adler number: alpha,10
Translated headword: Abba, Father
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The ancients called God "Father" from a feeling of relationship.
Moses said, "You have forsaken God who begot you."[1] And Malachi: "One God begot us and is our father."[2] They were in a state of grace, moved by the force of the Spirit. Just as there is the Spirit of wisdom by which fools have become wise (for this is clear from the teachings), and the Spirit of power by which they raised both the weak and the dead, and the Spirit of prophecy, and the Spirit of tongues, so also there is the Spirit of adoption.[3] And just as we know the Spirit of prophecy, through which one who has it is moved by grace to tell the future, so also the Spirit of adoption, through which one moved by the Spirit calls God "Father." One who wishes to show that this is most legitimate even used a Hebrew word. For he did not say "Father" but "Abba the Father." This is the word used especially by legitimate children for their father.[4]
Greek Original:Abba: ho patêr. hoi men palaioi ekaloun patera ton theon ex oikeias dianoias, hôs Môüsês: theon ton gennêsanta se enkatelipes: kai Malachias: ho theos heis egennêsen hêmas kai patêr: hoi de en chariti, apo pneumatikês energeias kinoumenoi. hôsper pneuma sophias einai, kath' ho sophoi hoi asophoi egenonto [kai dêloutai touto apo tês didaskalias] kai pneuma dunameôs einai, kath' ho kai astheneis kai nekrous êgeiron, kai pneuma prophêteias, kai pneuma glôssôn, houtô kai pneuma huiothesias. kai hôsper ismen to pneuma tês prophêteias, aph' hôn ho echôn auto legei ta mellonta hupo tês charitos kinoumenos, houtô dê kai pneuma huiothesias, aph' hou ho labôn patera kalei ton theon, hupo pneumatos kinoumenos. ho dê boulomenos deixai gnêsiôtaton on kai têi tôn Hebraiôn echrêsato glôttêi. ou gar eipen ho patêr, all' abba ho patêr: hoper tôn paidôn malista esti tôn gnêsiôn pros patera rhêma.
Notes:
A paraphrase of St. John Chrysostom,
Homily on the Epistle to the Romans PG 60.527.
(Entry placed after
alpha 16, Adler reports, in mss GTMB.)
[1]
Deuteronomy 32:18
LXX (web address 1).
[2] An approximation of
Malachi 2:10
LXX (web address 2).
[3] cf.
Ep.Romans 8:15 (web address 3).
[4] On "Abba," see also
alpha 12.
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3
Keywords: children; Christianity; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; medicine; religion
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:57:30.
Vetted by:Samuel Huskey (added links to Bible, changed "sonship" to "filiation") on 15 July 2000@15:01:55.
Catharine Roth (Altered wording.) on 29 July 2000@23:15:23.
David Whitehead (added keyword; cosmetics) on 11 July 2003@08:51:36.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 6 October 2005@08:51:18.
William Hutton (tweaked translation, augmented notes, fixed broken links, added keywords, set status) on 20 August 2007@10:15:40.
Catharine Roth (upgraded links) on 5 August 2013@01:15:24.
David Whitehead (another note; cosmetics) on 28 March 2014@06:14:49.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation, added cross-reference) on 28 March 2014@12:15:01.
David Whitehead (coding) on 15 August 2015@07:24:11.
Catharine Roth (tweaked note 2) on 9 February 2024@01:30:43.
Headword:
Ablêta
Adler number: alpha,57
Translated headword: unshot, unthrown
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Referring to] projectiles, ones that have not been dispatched with a view to wounding.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the phrase] 'unshot arrow': the one badly shot or the one not yet shot. Declines a)blh\s, [genitive] a)blh=tos.[2]
Greek Original:Ablêta: belê, ta mê pemphthenta eis trôsin. kai ablêta oïston, ton kakoblêton ê ton mêpô beblêmenon. klinetai de ablês, ablêtos.
Notes:
[1] Here the headword adjective is glossed as if it were a neuter plural, but see next note.
[2] cf. the
scholia to
Homer,
Iliad 4.117-118, where this accusative singular phrase occurs, albeit with other words intervening (web address 1 below).
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; medicine; military affairs
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:08:39.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abolêtôr
Adler number: alpha,59
Translated headword: meeter
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Or[1] a)/bolos ["un-shedder"], a donkey that has not yet shed its teeth, from which the animal's age is known. Similarly, a young animal that does not yet have its indicators.[2] An 'indicator' is what they call a tooth that falls out, by which they verify the age. These teeth are also called 'finished,' by a metaphor from the animals themselves. The a)pognw/mones are those who have grown old and lost their indicators. Also [sc. attested is the phrase] 'unshed foals',[3] those who have not yet lost teeth.
Greek Original:Abolêtôr kai Abolis. ê Abolos, onos ho mêdepô beblêkôs odontas, ex hou gnôrizetai hê hêlikia tou zôiou. ek de toutou ho neos oudepô gnômona echôn. gnômona de elegon ton ballomenon odonta, di' hou tas hêlikias exêtazon: ton de auton kai katêrtukota elegon, ek metaphoras tôn tetrapodôn. kai apognômonas tous apogegêrakotas, hois eleloipei to gnôrisma. kai Abolous pôlous, tous mêdepô beblêkotas odontas.
Notes:
[1] The entry has begun with two unglossed headwords,
a)bolh/twr ('one who meets': LSJ -- web address 1 below) and
a)/bolis (attested only here; not in LSJ).
[2]
gnw/mwn; cf.
gamma 347,
kappa 1061.
[3] Accusative plural, evidently quoted from somewhere.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; imagery; medicine; science and technology; zoology
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:11:01.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword and translation, augmented notes, added keywords, set status) on 30 January 2001@22:25:55.
David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 23 April 2002@09:15:27.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 18 October 2005@05:37:54.
Jennifer Benedict (cosmetics, betacode) on 25 March 2008@11:23:51.
David Whitehead (modified headword; augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 25 March 2008@11:38:18.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics) on 24 August 2010@16:57:08.
David Whitehead (tweaks) on 19 December 2011@08:26:52.
Headword:
Abraam
Adler number: alpha,69
Translated headword: Abraham
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The first among patriarchs; [it was he] in whom the Hebrew people took pride at first, before they rebelled against God, became estranged from Him, and shed upon themselves the blood of His Only-Begotten Son.[1] This man came out of the land of the Chaldeans, who devoted their entire lives to the stars and heavenly bodies. Trained, therefore, as was their ancestral custom, to observe the motions of the heavenly bodies[2] he surmised that the masterwork underlying this visible creation was not to be found in such objects, but had a Creator who set them in motion, gave harmony to their paths, and ordered the entire universe. Because of the greatness and beauty of the things He had made, Abraham, as it was likely, ceased devoting himself to gazing out into the heavens nor did he squander his passion in their pursuit. Instead, by surmounting the celestial vaults and transcending all the intelligible realm beyond the cosmos, Abraham no longer stood apart from the One sought, until finally the Creator for whom he yearned manifested Himself to Abraham in likenesses[3] and forms. And in this way the Unseen and Invisible revealed Himself. And [God] sent him forth from his own land as a wanderer and settled him in the land of the Canaanites. There he dwelled, now being in about his ninety-ninth year.[4] Until this time, he was childless; then [God] made him the father of the miraculous and blessed Isaac that he might have a first-born, only-begotten son[5] -- prefiguring the mystical image of the First-Born, Only-Begotten Son.[6] This was an exceedingly singular[7] honor bestowed upon Abraham, for the Creator favored him with the titles Servant, Beloved, and Father by flesh of the Only Begotten Son of Him who fashioned the entire universe.[8] Abraham invented sacred writing and devised the language of which Hebrew children had a command, as they were this man's disciples and descendants. Moreover, the Greek alphabet received its impetus from this script,[9] even if Greeks amused themselves by forming the letters differently. Proof of this is in the pronunciation of the first and preeminent letter "alpha" because it derives its name from the Hebrew "aleph" by way of the Blessed, First, and Eternal Name.[10] So too, the Greeks through Abraham came to possess books on dream interpretation. Witness to this is Joseph, the truly wondrous descendant of Abraham, who interpreted Pharoah's dreams as they were going to turn out in fact. In this,
Philo, the Jewish philosopher, will be my confirmation via his work
Life of the Statesman.[11] About
Philo it is said "
Philo platonizes and
Plato philonizes."[12]
The practice of idolatry extended from Serug[13] to the time of Abraham's father Tharron.[14] Thus, when Abraham was 14 years old[15] and deemed worthy of divine knowledge, he upbraided his father, "Why do you lead the people astray for harmful gain (that is, with idols)? There is no other God but the One in heaven, the Creator of the entire universe." Yet seeing the people serving earthly things, he embarked on a tireless quest, seeking out with his pious heart the Truly Existing God.[16] But seeing that the sky is sometimes light and sometimes dark, he said to himself, "That is not God." Observing similarly the sun and the moon, the one obscured and eclipsed and the other waning and occluded, he said, "Those are not gods either." True, he was trained in astronomy by his father, but Abraham all the same was puzzled by the motions of the stars and scornful of them. But God appeared to him and said, "Go out of your land and leave your kinsmen."[17] Abraham took his father's idols, smashing some and incinerating others. Then he went away with his father out of the land of the Chaldeans. And they came to Haran,[18] where his father died. He left there, obeying the Lord's word, with his wife Sarah and his nephew Lot[19] and all their possessions, and came to the promised land Canaan, which the Canaanites had seized and settled in. When a famine arose, Abraham left the land of the Canaanites and went into Egypt, where Abimelech[20] the king took his wife Sarah. God struck terror into Abimelech and paralysed his limbs, saying "Give this man back his wife, because he is a prophet and will pray for you, and you will live. But if you do not give her back, know that you and your entire household will die." When Abraham got his wife back, undefiled, he prayed, and Abimelech and his household were cured of the paralysis.[21] After this the king, honoring Abraham and devoting himself to his sayings, became a pious and expert teacher to the Egyptians. The same Abraham, upon returning from war,[22] was considered worthy of blessing by Melchisedek, king of Salem, who brought bread and wine out to him. Melchisedek was a priest of the Most High, and Abraham gave to Him a tenth of all he had. Melchisedek was without father, mother, or lineage, like the Son of God.[23]
When Abram[24] lamented to God about his childlessness, God revealed to him through a dream that his descendants would be as numerous as the stars. And he believed God, and God reckoned it to him as righteousness.[25] Now Sarah, who was barren, gave Abraham permission to father a child with her maidservant, and she bore Ismael.[26] And when Abram was 99 years old, God appeared to him and altered his name to Abraham, for until then he had been called Abram. Similarly, Sarah became Sarrah with another "r".[27] And Abraham circumcised Ismael and all his descendants. Moreover, when the Lord was being shown the hospitality of Abraham's house, He promised Abraham that Sarrah would bear him a son. But Sarrah smiled; and the one who was begotten was called Isaac, by the Hebrew name that means "laughter with delight."[28]
Also [sc. attested is the adjective]
*abramiai=os: [meaning] descendant of Abraham, or towering, revered.[29]
Greek Original:Abraam: ho prôtos en patriarchais: eis hon apesemnuneto dêmos ho tôn Hebraiôn to proteron, prin ê theou aposkirtêsai kai genesthai toutou allotrioi kai to tou monogenous huiou autou haima eph' heautous epispasasthai. houtos ek men tês Chaldaiôn gês hupêrchen hormômenos, tôn peri ta meteôra kai tous asteras ton bion holon katanaliskontôn. askêtheis oun kata ton patrion nomon tas tôn epouraniôn asterôn kinêseis kai stochasamenos hôs ouk en toutois histatai to megalourgon tês phainomenês tautêsi ktiseôs, all' echei tina ton dêmiourgon ton kai kinounta kai dieuthunonta tên enarmonion tôn asterôn poreian kai tou kosmou pantos tên katastasin, kai dia tou megethous kai tês kallonês tôn ktismatôn ton genesiourgon autôn, hôs enên, theôrêsas ouk estê mechri toutôn, oude tên ephesin eis tauta katedapanêsen, alla tôn ouraniôn hapsidôn huperartheis kai pasan diabas tên noêtên te kai huperkosmion sumpêxin ouk apestê tou zêtoumenou, heôs hou ho pothoumenos heauton autôi ephanerôse tupois te kai morphômasin, hois heauton emphanizei ho aphanês kai aoratos. kai metanastên auton ek tês patridos labôn epi tên Chananitin katestêse, ton enenêkoston pou kai enaton êdê chronon parelkonta: kai apaida mechri tote tunchanonta gennêtora tou thaumasiou kai makaros kate- stêsen Isaak, hin' echoi monogenê huion kai prôtotokon, tou monogenous kai prôtotokou mustikên eikona prodiagraphonta: touto geras autôi kat' exaireton charisamenos, to doulon kai philon kai patera chrêmatisai tou monogenous huiou kata sarka, tou ton kosmon holon dêmiourgêsantos. houtos heure men hiera grammata kai glôssan emêchanêsato, hês Hebraiôn paides en epistêmêi etunchanon, hôs ontes toutou mathêtai kai apogonoi. ek toutou kai ta Hellênôn grammata tas aphormas elabon, kan allôs kai allôs heautous diapaizontes anagraphôsin Hellênes. kai toutou marturion hê tou Alpha phônê tou prôtou stoicheiou kai archontos, apo tou Aleph Hebraiou labontos tên epiklêsin tou makariou kai prôtou kai athanatou onomatos. ek toutou kai ta oneirôn biblia espheterisanto Hellênes. kai martus Iôsêph ho panthaumastos ho toutou apogonos, ho tou Pharaô ta enupnia hôs emellon apobêsesthai diêgoumenos. touto moi kai Philôn, ex Hebraiôn philosophos, en tôi tou Politikou biôi sunepimarturêsetai, Philôn, peri hou errêthê, Philôn platônizei, kai Platôn philônizei. hoti êrxato hê eidôlolatreia apo Serouch heôs tôn chronôn Tharra tou patros Abraam. hos Abraam huparchôn etôn id# kai theognôsias axiôtheis enouthetei ton patera autou, legôn: ti planais tous anthrôpous dia kerdos epizêmion [toutesti ta eidôla]; ouk estin allos theos ei mê ho en tois ouranois, ho kai panta ton kosmon dêmiourgêsas. horôn gar tous anthrôpous ktismatolatrountas diêrcheto diaponoumenos kai ton ontôs onta theon ekzêtôn ek philotheou kardias. horôn de ton ouranon pote men lampron, pote de skoteinon, elegen en heautôi: ouk estin houtos theos. homoiôs kai ton hêlion kai tên selênên, ton men apokruptomenon kai amauroumenon, tên de phthinousan kai apolêgousan, ephêsen: oud' houtoi eisi theoi. kai mentoi kai tên tôn asterôn kinêsin, ek tou patros gar epaideueto tên astronomian, kai aporôn eduscherainen. ôphthê de autôi ho theos kai legei autôi: exelthe ek tês gês sou kai ek tês sungeneias sou. kai labôn ta eidôla tou patros kai ta men klasas ta de empurisas anechôrêse meta tou patros ek gês Chaldaiôn: kai elthontos eis Charran, eteleutêsen ho patêr autou. kai exelthôn ekeithen en logôi Kuriou êlthe sun têi gunaiki Sarrai kai tôi anepsiôi Lôt meta pasês autôn tês aposkeuês eis tên opheilomenên gên Chanaan, hên hoi Chananaioi turannikôs aphelomenoi ôikêsan. limou de genomenou katalipôn tên Chananaiôn gên eis Aigupton apêiei, hou tên gunaika Sarran Abimelech hêrpasen ho basileus. touton ho theos ekdeimatôsas kai paresin tôn melôn epaxas, apodos, ephê, tên gunaika tôi anthrôpôi, hoti prophêtês esti kai proseuxetai peri sou kai zêseis. ei de mê apodôis, gnôthi hoti apothanêi su kai ta sa panta. kai houtôs apolabôn tên gunaika amianton kai proseuxamenos iathênai epoiêse tês pareseôs Abimelech kai ton oikon autou. ektote timôn auton ho basileus kai prosechôn tois hup' autou legomenois, didaskalos eusebeias kai polupeirias Aiguptiois egeneto. ho autos Abram hupostrephôn ek tou polemou tês eulogias tou Melchisedek katêxiôtai, tou basileôs Salêm, hos exênenken autôi artous kai oinon. ên de kai hiereus tou Hupsistou. kai edôken autôi Abram dekatên apo pantôn. ên de ho Melchisedek apatôr, amêtôr, agenealogêtos, aphômoiômenos tôi huiôi tou theou. tôi de Abram ateknian olophuromenôi kath' hupnous epideixas ho theos tous asteras kata to plêthos autôn esesthai hoi to sperma proedêlou. ho de episteuse tôi theôi, kai elogisthê autôi eis dikaiosunên. hê de Sarra steira ousa sunechôrêsen Abram apo tês paidiskês paidopoiêsasthai: kai ischei ton Ismaêl. enenêkonta de kai ennea etôn onti tôi Abram epiphaneis ho theos Abraam metônomasen: Abram gar prôên ônomazeto: homoiôs kai tên Saran Sarran, prostheis kai heteron r. kai perieteme ton Ismaêl kai pantas tous ex autou. Kurios de tôi Abraam epixenôtheis epêngeilato texesthai Sarran autôi paida. hê de emeidiase, kai Isaak to gennêthen prosêgoreuthê, pherônumôs tôi meth' hêdonês gelôti kata tên Hebraïda dialekton. kai Abramiaios: ho apogonos Abraam, ê gigantiaios, hieroprepês.
Notes:
This long entry is derived in part directly from George the Monk, in part indirectly from
Philo of Alexandria; see further in the notes below.
[1] cf.
Matthew 27:25 (web address 1).
[2] The Suda's attention to Chaldean astrology derives from
Philo,
On Abraham, (Colson,
Philo Vol VI: XV.69-70).
[3] Use of
tu/pos here is twofold: 1) To assert that God's appearance to Abraham was indirect (echoing
Philo,
On Abraham, XVII.79-80); 2) To impart, as if a corollary of
tu/pos in Romans 5:14, that God's manifestation to Abraham was a type or prefiguration of Christ.
[4] Abraham is 100 years old at Isaac's birth (
Genesis 21:5); however, the Suda follows
Josephus,
Antiquities of the Jews 1.191-93 (web address 2 below) in assuming Abraham's age as 99 at the time of God's promise.
[5] The Suda here omits Ishmael, born to Abraham by the Egyptian slave Hagar when he was 86 years old (
Genesis 16:1-16). The Suda's omission tacitly acknowledges a covenantal and legal distinction clearly drawn in Genesis. In Isaac, God establishes an "everlasting covenant" for his progeny, whereas God blesses Ishmael and makes him "fruitful and exceedingly numerous" (
Genesis 17:19-20). Isaac's filial status is made explicit by God in identifying him as Abraham's "only son" (
Genesis 22:12) through whom "offspring shall be named" for Abraham, whereas Ishmael, although destined to father a nation, is identified by God as "the son of the slave woman" (
Genesis 21:12-13). Ishmael is, however, mentioned later in the entry.
[6] Christological imagery links Isaac to the personage of Jesus (
Matthew 1:1-2 at web address 3 below). See also
delta 94, notes 1 and 14.
[7] The Suda underscores the magnitude of the honor with a hyperbolic
kat' before
e)cai/reton.
[8] The statement, rooted in a paternalistic-filial model that originates in Abraham and culminates in the figure of Christ, approximates the transcendental premise: Abraham is to Joseph as Isaac is to Christ.
[9] The Suda confuses Mosaic and Abrahamic lore. The 2nd century BCE Jewish writer Eupolemus claimed for
Moses the invention and propagation of writing: "
Moses was the first wise man, the first who imparted the alphabet to the Jews; the Phoenicians received it from the Jews, and the Greeks from the Phoenicians." The 2nd century BCE Egyptian Jewish writer Artapanus attributed hieroglyphics to
Moses. According to the 2nd century BCE Samaritan writer Ps.-Eupolemus and Artapanus, astrology and astronomy originated with Abraham, who taught these disciplines and other tools of culture to the Jews, Phoenicians, and Egyptians. They, in turn, transmitted these arts to the Greeks.
Philo in
On Abraham stresses Abraham's expertise as a teacher. (
Encyc. Judaica, Vol 6.964-65; Gruen, 146-51, 157, 294; Grant, 77;
Philo, XI.52) At
sigma 295, Seth is credited with the invention of the alphabet; Greek legend named Cadmus or
Linus as the one who introduced the alphabet to Greece (
gamma 416,
kappa 21,
kappa 22,
lambda 568). See also
phi 787.
[10] The reference recalls א aleph as the initial letter of
ʾelohīm, the most frequent generic name for God in the OT, used about 2,500 times--but a distant second to the unspoken covenant name YHWH (Yahweh), which occurs some 6,800 times (Perdue, 685-86). Cf.
alpha 1445.
[11] A reference to
Philo's
*bi/os politikou= o(/per e)sti peri\ *)iwsh/f (Colson,
Philo Vol VI, 140ff.)
[12] Adapted from Jerome's
On Illustrious Men (11):
h)\ *pla/twn filwni/zei h)\ *fi/lwn platwni/zei ("Either
Plato philonizes or
Philo platonizes.") Cf.
phi 448 and
Photius,
Bibliotheca 86b 25.
[13] Abraham's grandfather (
Genesis 11:22). Seruch in the
LXX, שרוג
śerūḡ in Hebrew. See also
sigma 253.
[14] Abraham's father (
Genesis 11:24). Tharra (
*qa/rra,
*qarra/) or Tharrha (
*qa/r)r(a) (Hatch, Concordance, Appendix 1, 71; Brenton, 13); in Hebrew תרח
Teraḥ. From the
Chronicon of George the Monk, 92.11-12; cf. Malalas 55.5-6.
[15] The Midrash sets Abraham's rejection of idolatry at age 13 (Encyc. Judaica, 4.244). From here to "teacher to the Egyptians," the Suda's source is the
Chronicon of George the Monk, 93.16 - 95.17.
[16] On God as "He who is," see
omicron 438,
omega 105.
[17] cf.
Philo,
On Abraham XIV.62.
[18] The call in
Genesis 12:1-5 brings Abraham from Haran (חרן) to Canaan (כנען). The Suda adheres to
Philo,
On Abraham, XIV. 67:
metani/statai...a)po\ th=s *xaldai/wn gh=s...e)is th\n *xarrai/wn gh=n.
[19]
Philo shows
a)delfidou=s, as at
On Abraham, XXXVII.212, rather than the Suda's potentially ambiguous
a)neyio/s for nephew (see LSJ s.v. at web address 4).
[20] On Abimelech, see
alpha 45.
[21] The affliction cured in
Genesis 20:17-18 is unspecified for Abimelech, but clearly is sterility for the female members of his house.
Josephus,
Antiquities of the Jews 1.208 (web address 5) relates that a "dangerous distemper" (Whiston trans.) afflicted Abimelech. For other traditions, see EncycJudaica, 2.76.
[22]
Genesis 14:14-18; the Suda's source is the
Chronicon of George the Monk, 100.17-26; 101.5-7.
[23] See
Hebrews 7:3 (web address 6). In the Suda, see
mu 544,
mu 545,
mu 546.
[24] The Greek mainly uses Abraam (אברהם
ʾAḇraham) to this point, but here Abram (אברם), his pre-covenant name (
Genesis 17:5).
[25]
Genesis 15:5-6. The statement "and he believed God and God reckoned it to him as righteousness" appears also in
Romans 4:3 (web address 7),
Galatians 3:6 (web address 8), and
James 2:23 (web address 9). A more idiomatic and semantically precise translation of the Hebrew (והאמין בה' ויחשבה לו צדקה
weheʾemīn bah' wayyaḥšeḇeha lō ṣedaqah) reads: "And because he put his trust in the Lord, He reckoned it to his merit" (Plaut, 146). This version takes into interpretive account the imperfective waw consecutive (consequential) (Kautzsch, 111.l).
[26] Ismael (Ishmael) appears in the Suda at
iota 644, but with a gloss that belongs to Isaak.
[27]
Genesis 17:15. Also as
*sa/r)r(a or Sarrha (Brenton, 18). The Hebrew covenant name change is Sarai to Sarah (both meaning Princess).
[28] Isaac (יצחק
yiṣḥaq) from the Hebrew meaning "he (Abraham) laughed" in
Genesis 17:17, and puns Sarah's תצחק
tiṣḥaq ("she laughed") in
Genesis 18:12. (Kohlenberger, Vol 1, 37, 39; Anderson, 182) In the Suda, see
iota 606 (mostly taken from this entry).
[29] This adjectival derivative of Abraham's name appears in
4 Maccabees 9:21
LXX. The gloss replicates, apart from word order, one in
Photius; cf.
Synagoge alpha17,
Hesychius alpha181.
References:
Anderson, A.W. Understanding the Old Testament. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966
Attridge, H.W. "The Letter to the Hebrews" in The HarperCollins Study Bible (NRSV). New York: HarperCollins, 1993
Brenton, L.C.L. The Septuagint with Apocrypha. Peabody: Henrickson, 1999 (reprint of 1851 edn.)
Colson F.H., Philo (Vol VI), Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1994
Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem: Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1973
Grant, M. From Alexander to Cleopatra: The Hellenistic World. New York: Charles Scribners' Sons, 1982
Gruen, E.S. Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition. Berkeley: University of California, 1998
Hatch, E., Redpath, H.A., and Muraoka, T. A Concordance to the Septuagint. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998
Kautzsch, E. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910
Keck, L.E. "The Letter of Paul to the Romans" in The HarperCollins Study Bible (NRSV). New York: HarperCollins, 1993
Kohlenberger, J.R. The Interlinear NIV Hebrew-English Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987
Perdue, L.G. "Names of God in the Old Testament" in Harper's Bible Dictionary. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985
Plaut, W.G. The Torah: Genesis, A Modern Commentary. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1972
Smyth, H.W. Greek Grammar. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1984
Whiston, W. The Works of Josephus. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987 (reprint of 1736 edn.)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3,
Web address 4,
Web address 5,
Web address 6,
Web address 7,
Web address 8,
Web address 9
Keywords: aetiology; biography; children; Christianity; chronology; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; dreams; food; gender and sexuality; geography; historiography; history; law; medicine; religion; science and technology; women
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 20 August 1998@17:54:17.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abrikton
Adler number: alpha,78
Translated headword: deaf
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] that which is hard of hearing.[1]
Or hearing [only] in part.[2]
Greek Original:Abrikton: to duskôphon. êtoi to ek merous akouon.
Notes:
[1] Neuter nominative/accusative singular of this adjective; same glossing in
Hesychius and, according to Adler, the
Ambrosian Lexicon; evidently quoted from somewhere.
LSJ defines the word as 'wakeful', from
bri/zein "be sleepy"; see web address 1 below. The two versions of the gloss reappear at
delta 1651.
[2] In some mss. only.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; medicine
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:32:56.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abrogastês
Adler number: alpha,81
Translated headword: Abrogastes, Arbogast
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A Frank, who was fierce as flame from[1] strength of body and ruggedness of spirit; by happenstance second in rank to Baudo.[2] He was especially solid and complete in regard to self-control and made war on money, giving no quarter--for[3] he was no different from the common soldiers in terms of wealth at least. For this reason he seemed useful to the emperor
Theodosius,[4] since he added to the manly and just manner of Valentinian[5] his own gravity, as a just and unswerving standard for the palace, not to do harm or wrong in any matters of the court.
Greek Original:Abrogastês: Phrangos, hos kata alkên sômatos kai thumou trachutêta phlogoeidês ên, deuteragônistês tunchanôn Baudônos. allôs te ên kai pros sôphrosunên pepêgôs te kai diêrthrômenos kai pros chrêmata polemon polemôn aspondon. diephere goun tôn eutelôn stratiôtôn hoson ge eis plouton ouden. kai dia touto edokei tôi basilei Theodosiôi chrêsimos, hos ge pros ton Oualentinianou tropon arrenôpon onta kai dikaion, kai to par' heautou baros epetithei, kathaper orthon kai astrabê ton kanona tois basileiois, pros to mêden tôn peri tên aulên parablaptesthai ê hamartanesthai.
Notes:
This entry -- which has been tentatively identified as a fragment (no.53 FHG; Blockley,
Eunapius fr. 58.[1]) of the sophist and historian
Eunapius of
Sardis -- concerns the Frankish general Flavius Arbogastes (died 394). (The present headword 'Abrogastes' is a rare variant of, or error for, the name.)
[1] Causal
kata/ (LSJ s.v. IV).
[2] His predecessor (and, allegedly, father) Flavius Bauto.
[3] "Part proof"
gou=n (Denniston, p. 451).
[4]
theta 144.
[5]
omicron 762.
References:
Banchich, T.M. "Eunapius, Eustathius, and the Suda." AJP 109 (1988) 223-225
Blockley, R.C. The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus. Vol. II. Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1983.
Denniston, J.D. The Greek Particles. Second Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.
Keywords: biography; economics; ethics; geography; historiography; history; medicine; military affairs
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:34:42.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Added headword, modified translation, added keywords, set status) on 31 January 2001@16:29:34.
David Whitehead (added note and keyword; cosmetics) on 1 February 2001@04:13:55.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 28 November 2005@08:20:03.
David Whitehead (tweaks to tr; augmented notes and keywords) on 20 December 2011@03:53:50.
Aaron Baker (Modified translation; added grammatical notes; added Blockly cite; added bibliography.) on 3 June 2015@22:23:43.
Aaron Baker (Added period after "Bauto.") on 3 June 2015@22:25:43.
Catharine Roth (coded Greek) on 3 June 2015@23:24:46.
Catharine Roth (added bibliography) on 27 January 2016@22:44:10.
Headword:
Abromios
Adler number: alpha,84
Translated headword: Bromios-less, Bromius-less
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] without wine.
"If I escape through the wave of destructive fire, I tell you I will drink for one hundred suns from dewy streams, Bromios-less[1] and wine-less." In the Epigrams.[2]
Greek Original:Abromios: chôris oinou. ên oloou dia kuma phugô puros, eis hekaton soi êelious droseran piomai ek libadôn, abromios kai aoinos. en Epigrammasin.
Notes:
The headword is presumably extracted from the epigram quoted, its only attestation outside lexicography.
[1] Bromios is a name frequently given to Dionysos (
delta 1185): see
beta 547.
[2]
Greek Anthology 6.291.3-5 (author unknown), the vow of a wine-loving woman, should her fever break; cf. Gow and Page (vol. I, 74-77),
mu 1022, and
sigma 955. This epigram appears twice in the
Anthologia Palatina (AP). In the first instance, it is attributed to Antipater of Thessalonica. But in the second instance (inserted after 9.164), and following redaction by the AP scribe designated C (
the Corrector), it is noted to be
a)de/spoton,
anonymous (ibid. and vol. II, 100-101)
References:
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip and Some Contemporary Epigrams, vol. I, (Cambridge, 1968)
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip and Some Contemporary Epigrams, vol. II, (Cambridge, 1968)
Keywords: definition; ethics; food; imagery; medicine; poetry; religion; women
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 26 August 1998@19:37:23.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword and translation, added note and keywords, set status) on 1 February 2001@09:40:10.
David Whitehead (modified headword; tweaked translation; x-refs; cosmetics) on 3 January 2005@10:37:13.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks) on 20 December 2011@04:12:25.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 21 December 2011@01:49:18.
David Whitehead (expanded primary note; cosmetics) on 2 April 2015@11:06:04.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.2, added bibliography, added cross-references, added keywords) on 23 October 2018@18:32:39.
Ronald Allen (typo n.2 second cross-reference) on 23 October 2018@18:40:26.
Ronald Allen (corrected epigram attribution in n.2, added bibliography entry) on 29 October 2018@13:29:47.
Headword:
Agathon
Adler number: alpha,119
Translated headword: good
Vetting Status: high
Translation: The word has multiple meanings.[1]
Predicated of the good are the 10 genera, that is to say the 10 categories.[2]
"To produce, since some things are [understood as] good because [of being] productive. For what is productive of the good is said to be good, such as what is productive of health, or pleasure and, in general, what is beneficial. Certainly, the good in food, insofar as it is productive of a good, is a good. And the productive is in the category of quality; indeed quality sometimes exists in the soul, for when we predicate of the soul the good and say that it is good, we are signifying that the soul has a certain quality. For instance, that it is temperate, brave, just. And the qualifications are the presence of quality. So also in the case of a human being. For when we predicate of man the good, we are signifying the fact that he has a certain quality; for example, that he is temperate, brave, just, prudent. Sometimes the good signifies "when"; for that which happens at the appropriate time is said to be good. And the good also signifies quantity, for that which is moderate, neither exceeding nor falling short,[3] will be a quantity, insofar as it is said to be something of such a magnitude. And qua substance, what [is] the good? [Something] like a god, [or] intellect. And the good also is said to be something relative, for 'that which is in measure' is good in this way. And there is good in 'being affected', such as receiving a medical treatment or being taught; and there is also some good in the domain of the 'where', such as 'to be in Greece', 'to be in wholesome regions', 'to be in calm or in peace'. And there would be also a good in 'being in a certain position'; for instance, when it is useful for someone to be seated, he sits, and when it is useful for someone to be lying down, he lies down: for the person who has a fever, for the sake of argument."[4]
Greek Original:Agathon: homônumos esti phônê. katêgoreitai de ta i# genê tou agathou, toutestin hai i# katêgoriai. kai to men poiein, epei esti tina agatha hôs poiêtika, legetai gar to agathou poiêtikon agathon, hoion to hugieias poiêtikon ê hêdonês kai holôs ôphelimon, to gar en tôi edesmati agathon hôs poiêtikon agathou agathon: to de poiêtikon hupo tên tou poiou katêgorian. pote de to poion epi psuchês: hotan gar katêgorêsômen to agathon psuchês legontes autên agathên, to poian autên einai sêmainomen, hoion sôphrona ê andreian ê dikaian: poiotêtos de parousia ta poia. homoiôs kai anthrôpou: hotan gar to agathon katêgorêsômen, to poion auton einai sêmainomen: hoion sôphrona, andreion, dikaion, phronimon. eniote de to agathon to pote sêmainei: to gar en tôi prosêkonti kairôi genomenon agathon legetai. sêmainei de agathon kai to poson: to gar metrion kai mê huperballon mête endeon eiê an poson, kathoson tosouton ti legetai. kai hôs ousia ti agathon: hôs theos, nous. legetai de kai hôs pros ti: to gar summetron houtôs agathon. kai en tôi paschein, hôs to therapeuesthai kai didaskesthai. esti ti tou agathou kai en tôi pou, hoion to en Helladi einai, to en hugieinois chôriois einai, to en hêsuchian echousin ê eirênên. eiê d' an kai en tôi keisthai, hotan hôi men lusiteles to kathezesthai, kathezêtai, hôi de to anakeisthai, anakeitai: tôi purettonti phere eipein.
Notes:
See already
alpha 118, also a neuter singular.
After the two short opening sentences, the entry draws on Alexander of
Aphrodisias,
Commentary on Aristotle's Topics 105.25-106.14 Wallies (on
Topica 107a3ff).
[1] On
o(mw/numos ('homonymous'), see
Aristotle,
Categories 1a1; cf.
omicron 299.
[2] See
Aristotle,
Categories 1b25-2a10 and
Nicomachean Ethics I.vi.3 (1096a24-29) (web address 1).
[3] The famous Doctrine of the Mean; cf.
Aristotle,
Nicomachean Ethics II.vi.4-13 (1106a25-b28) (web address 2).
[4] See also Van Ophuijsen (113-114).
Reference:
J.M. Van Ophuijsen, Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle’s Topics 1, (Ithaca, NY 2001)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; ethics; medicine; philosophy
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 24 May 2000@16:46:08.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified translation, added keyword, set status) on 8 June 2001@11:39:09.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics, reference) on 25 April 2002@13:43:53.
David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 16 January 2003@05:54:20.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 12 October 2005@08:00:58.
David Whitehead (tweaks) on 22 December 2011@06:49:37.
David Whitehead on 22 December 2011@06:50:01.
Ronald Allen (typos in translation) on 22 July 2023@15:25:33.
Ronald Allen (inserted note, added cross-reference, added link) on 23 July 2023@12:49:22.
Ronald Allen (added notes, added bibliography, cosmetics) on 23 July 2023@18:18:54.
Ronald Allen (coding; augmented n.3, added link) on 23 July 2023@20:20:08.
Ronald Allen (my typo bibliography) on 29 November 2023@11:22:07.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 5 December 2023@12:41:43.
Headword:
Aganôpidos
Adler number: alpha,148
Translated headword: mild-eyed
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] having a gentle countenance.
Greek Original:Aganôpidos: praea blepousês.
Note:
The headword, evidently quoted from somewhere, is genitive singular of the adjective
a)ganw=pis. Same or similar glossing in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha107 Theodoridis. (An instance of the accusative occurs in the C2 AD medical poet Marcellus Sidetes, cited by LSJ. See web address 1 for the LSJ entry.)
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; medicine; poetry
Translated by: William Hutton on 1 April 2000@08:53:26.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Agapios
Adler number: alpha,158
Translated headword: Agapios, Agapius
Vetting Status: high
Translation: This man was an Alexandrian by birth; raised from childhood amidst cultured discourse, he became a commentator on medical teachings and went to
Byzantium where he established a very distinguished school. Relying on the magnitude of his talent and the favor of fortune, he became celebrated for his skill and amassed large amounts of money.
Greek Original:Agapios: houtos ên Alexandreus men to genos: ek paidôn de logois entrapheis eleutheriois kai iatrikôn mathêmatôn exêgêtês gegonôs anelthôn es to Buzantion diatribên te sunepêxato mala diaprepê, phuseôs te megethei kai dexiotêti tuchês chrêsamenos, endoxos te epi têi technêi gegone kai chrêmata megala suneilochen.
Note:
Damascius,
Life of Isidore fr. 330 Zintzen (298 Asmus, 107 Athanassiadi).
Keywords: biography; children; economics; ethics; geography; medicine; philosophy
Translated by: William Hutton on 9 April 2000@23:07:39.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Agastores
Adler number: alpha,172
Translated headword: womb-mates
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] brothers, natural brothers, twins.[1]
Those from the same womb.[2]
Greek Original:Agastores: adelphoi, homaimoi, didumoi. hoi homogastores.
Notes:
[1] Similarly in
Hesychius alpha357. The headword is the nominative plural of
a)ga/stwr. This noun (LSJ entry at web address 1) is largely confined to lexica and grammars but does occur in
Lycophron,
Alexandra 264 (genitive plural).
[2] cf.
Etymologicum Magnum 6.20.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; imagery; medicine; poetry
Translated by: Gregory Hays on 4 June 1999@14:49:51.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword, added links, set status) on 31 October 2001@10:14:28.
William Hutton (Merely noting that the reference to 'links' in my previous vetting comments is erroneous: this entry currently has no external links.) on 31 October 2001@17:22:16.
Catharine Roth (inserted link) on 1 November 2001@17:11:02.
David Whitehead (added keyword; cosmetics) on 3 February 2003@07:46:23.
David Whitehead (augmented notes; another keyword; tweaks) on 23 December 2011@08:59:09.
David Whitehead on 18 August 2013@05:59:01.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 5 April 2015@21:59:05.
Headword:
Ageustos
thoinês
Adler number: alpha,207
Translated headword: without a taste of the feast
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone] living a (?)refined life.[1] Also [sc. attested is the plural] a)/geustoi, [meaning those] lacking experience.[2]
[Something] "lacking taste"[3] has four meanings: either that which is lacking flavor as yet, but capable of being given flavor, like water -- for being inert it is capable of having flavor imparted to it; or that which is subject to the other senses, like sound; or that which has a small amount of taste, like the watery kinds of porridge; or that which has a bad taste, like poisons. And [it is] clear that the sense of taste partakes of some of these things and some not. And in the case of the other senses also these four significations are recognized. They say that [the distinction between] that which is drinkable and undrinkable [are] the beginnings of tasting. For the first distinction taste makes is between these things. For it is especially in moist conditions that even the flavor arising from a mixture of dry elements is recognizable; and just as a drink becomes drinkable through the admixture of good flavor, thus also it becomes undrinkable through the admixture of undrinkable flavor. But both, that is, both the drinkable and the undrinkable, [are] tastable. And the undrinkable [is] tastable not as a fulfillment of the sense of taste but as something destructive to it because of the awfulness of the flavor. But the drinkable [is tastable] as something that preserves and fulfills that which is tastable by nature. Therefore the drinkable and the undrinkable are the beginnings of what is tastable. And since that which is drinkable [is] moist, and moistness is perceivable by the sense of touch, thus moistness is touchable and that which has such a flavor is tastable. This is something common to the senses of touch and taste: in the case of touch it is one of the specific things that it senses; in the case of taste it is the stuff and the vehicle of the tastes.
Greek Original:Ageustos thoinês: asteiôs biou echôn. kai Ageustoi, apeiroi. Ageuston, tetrachôs: ê gar to achumôton men teôs, dunamenon de chumôthênai, hôs to hudôr: apoion gar on dunatai chumôthênai: ê to tais allais aisthêsesin hupokeimenon, hôs ho psophos, ê to mikran echon geusin, hôs ta hudara tôn rhophêmatôn, ê to kakên echon geusin, hôs ta dêlêtêria. kai dêlon tinôn toutôn antilambanetai hê geusis, kai tinos mê. kai epi tôn allôn de aisthêseôn ta tessara tauta ginôsketai sêmainomena. archas de tôn geustôn to poton phasi kai to apoton. eis tauta gar prôtôs diaireitai to geuston. kai gar en tôi hugrôi malista kai ho chumos ek tês epimixias tôn xêrôn prosgenomenos: kai hôsper to poton potimon ginetai dia tên epimixian tou chrêstou chumou, houtô kai to apoton dia tên epimixian tou apotou chumou. amphotera de, to te apoton kai to poton, geusta. geuston de to apoton, ouch hôs teleiôtikon, all' hôs phthartikon tês geuseôs dia mochthêrian chumou. to de poton hôs sôstikon te kai teleiôtikon tou kata phusin geustikou. archei oun tôn geustôn kata touton ton logon to poton kai to apoton. epei de to poton hugron, to de hugron têi haphêi antilêpton, hôs men hugron hapton, hôs de toionde chumon echon geuston. touto oun koinon haphês kai geuseôs, tês men haphês hôs idion autês aisthêton, tês de geuseôs hôs hulê kai ochêma tôn geustôn.
Notes:
The headword phrase, illustrative of an idiom noted in LSJ s.v.
a)/geustos, I -- is presumably quoted from somewhere. It features also in, besides other lexica, two adjacent entries in
Photius (alpha156 and alpha157 Theodoridis), and can be traced back to -- but not beyond -- two lemmata in the epitome of
Phrynichus,
Praeparatio sophistica (18.8 and 18.25 de Borries).
[1] This gloss does not seem very apt for the headword phrase. Adler reports no manuscript variations for the Suda iself, but, in the equivalent entry in
Photius, Theodoridis obelizes
a)stei/ws and notes Croenert's suggested emendation
a)geu/stws.
[2] Same glossing in
Photius (alpha158 Theodoridis) and other lexica; evidently quoted from somewhere.
[3] What now follows draws on John
Philoponus' commentary on
Aristotle's
de anima 404.10-29 Hayduck. There are summary cross-references to this material at
alpha 3603 and
pi 2141.
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; food; medicine; philosophy; science and technology
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 October 2000@13:17:10.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Angeidion
Adler number: alpha,208
Translated headword: potlet
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A little pot.
Greek Original:Angeidion: to mikron angeion.
Notes:
Adler cites a comparable ('cf.') entry in the
Ambrosian Lexicon.
Not a common diminutive, but see e.g.
Theophrastus,
Enquiry into Plants 9.6.4.
LSJ also notes an instance of this word meaning gall-bladder.
Keywords: daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; medicine
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 October 2000@13:18:21.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Ageirei
Adler number: alpha,211
Translated headword: collects
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning he/she/it] gathers.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the participle] "those who collect".[2] "For their manner was sacred and nothing like those who collect [alms?]."[3]
And elsewhere: "wishing to go undetected, he shaves his head and his beard and puts on an Egyptian mantle, the sort that the attendants of Isis wear, and shaking a sistrum and going from one city to the next, and collecting [alms] in the name of the goddess and gratefully accepting necessary sustenance, as a drug against hunger".[4]
Greek Original:Ageirei: sunagei. kai Ageirousin. ho gar tropos hieros ên kai ouden eoikôs tois ageirousin. kai authis: ho de lathein thelôn xureitai tên kephalên kai to geneion, kai stolên Aiguptian analabôn, hên hoi tês Isidos therapeutêres êsthêntai, kai seistron episeiôn kai polin ek poleôs ameibôn, kai têi theôi ageirôn kai anankaias trophas, limou pharmaka, agapêtôs lambanôn.
Notes:
[1] Same or similar entry in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha140 Theodoridis. The headword must be quoted from somewhere.
[2] Dative plural
a)gei/rousin, from the quotation which follows.
[3]
Philostratus,
Life of Apollonius of Tyana 4.39.
[4]
Aelian fr.124c Domingo-Forasté (121 Hercher); see also
pi 2900,
sigma 293.
Keywords: biography; clothing; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; economics; ethics; food; geography; history; medicine; religion
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 October 2000@13:45:00.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Agêma
Adler number: alpha,219
Translated headword: division, guard, force, troop
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] the king's advancing force of elephants and horses and infantry. But some [sc. say that this term means] the best part of the Macedonian battle array;[1] strong in weaponry and in the conditioning of their bodies.[2]
Greek Original:Agêma: to proïon tou basileôs tagma elephantôn kai hippôn kai pezôn. hoi de to ariston tês Makedonikês suntaxeôs: krataion hoplisei kai sômatôn euexiai.
Notes:
See also
alpha 220.
[1] Same or similar material in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha165 Theodoridis.
[2] This last clause (not in the other lexica) is perhaps a quotation; if so, it is unidentifiable.
Keywords: definition; history; medicine; military affairs; zoology
Translated by: William Hutton on 22 October 2000@23:07:28.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Ankalida
Adler number: alpha,243
Translated headword: arm
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning a] part.
Greek Original:Ankalida: merida.
Note:
Same or similar entry in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha180 Theodoridis. The headword (LSJ entry at web address 1) is in the accusative case, so evidently quoted from somewhere -- perhaps
Job 24:19
LXX.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; religion
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:19:08.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Ankasasthai
Adler number: alpha,244
Translated headword: to arm up
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] to lift up in the arms.
Greek Original:Ankasasthai: tais ankalais bastasai.
Notes:
The headword is an epic/poetic verb (
a)gka/zomai: LSJ entry at web address 1), here in the aorist infinitive.
From the
scholia to
Callimachus,
Hecale fr. 236 Pfeiffer, where the phrase
li/qon a)gka/ssasqai (sic) occurs.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Nathan Greenberg ✝ on 24 November 1998@14:05:23.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Ankulocheilês
kai
Ankulocheilos
Adler number: alpha,255
Translated headword: crooked-beaked
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Bent-beaked, an epithet of the eagle, which has curved talons.[1] But in reference to Cleon [it means] having crooked hands for theft and seizure.
Greek Original:Ankulocheilês kai Ankulocheilos: skoliocheilos, epitheton tou aetou, epikampeis tas chêlas echôn. epi de Kleônos, ankulas tas cheiras echôn pros to kleptein kai harpazein.
Notes:
The headword actually presents two words (related to
chi 225) that differ only in having different adjectival endings:
a)gkuloxei/lhs and
a)gkulo/xeilos; LSJ only documents the existence of the former.
[1] From the
scholia to
Aristophanes,
Knights 197 (web address 1 below), where an adjective variously transmitted as
a)gkuloxei/lhs or
a)gkuloxh/lhs ('crooked clawed', from
chi 276) is applied to Cleon (
kappa 1731). The latter is what modern editors rightly print, but note that in late Greek the two words would have been homophones. See LSJ at
a)gkuloxh/lhs (web address 2).
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: biography; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; economics; ethics; imagery; medicine; politics; zoology
Translated by: Roger Travis on 4 October 2000@11:53:19.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified headword and translation, augmented notes and added links, added keywords, set status) on 15 June 2001@09:32:39.
David Whitehead (added x-ref; restorative cosmetics) on 10 February 2003@09:16:21.
David Whitehead (tweaked notes; more keywords; cosmetics) on 1 June 2009@04:19:34.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks) on 4 January 2012@08:56:26.
Headword:
Aglôttia
Adler number: alpha,271
Translated headword: tonguelessness
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] quiet, silence.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the related adjective] tongueless, [meaning] voiceless, speechless.
"Now having fallen to the earth, tongueless and voiceless, I lie, refusing emulous ambition."[2]
Greek Original:Aglôttia: hêsuchia, siôpê. kai Aglôssos, ho anaudos, ho aphônos. nun eis gan aglôssos, anaudêtos te pesousa, keimai, mimêtên zêlon anênamenê.
Notes:
LSJ entry at web address 1.
[1] Same glossing in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha202 Theodoridis.
[2]
Greek Anthology 7.191.5-6 (
Archias), epitaph for a jay; cf. Gow and Page (412-413); more fully at
alpha 2757, cf.
alpha 2742 and
kappa 1422. For other applications of the adjective, including the literal (
Aristotle on the crocodile), see LSJ s.v. (web address 2).
Reference:
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: The Garland of Philip and Some Contemporary Epigrams, vol. I, (Cambridge, 1968)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; imagery; medicine; poetry; zoology
Translated by: Roger Travis on 6 October 2000@12:53:45.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Agonia
Adler number: alpha,295
Translated headword: sterility
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Childlessness, barrenness.[1]
Aelian [writes]: "the young generation was being destroyed, and there was also sterility both of the women and of the four-footed flock."[2]
Greek Original:Agonia: ateknia, agennêsia. Ailianos: diephtheireto hê neolaia, kai ên agonia kai mentoi kai gunaikôn kai tês agelês tês tetrapodos.
Notes:
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; children; definition; food; gender and sexuality; geography; history; medicine; women; zoology
Translated by: Catharine Roth on 12 February 2001@01:15:50.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Added keywords, raised status) on 12 February 2001@19:50:13.
David Whitehead (augmented note; added keywords) on 23 December 2002@11:40:57.
David Whitehead (more keywords; cosmetics) on 5 January 2012@08:49:23.
Catharine Roth (added cross-reference) on 7 January 2012@22:22:26.
Catharine Roth (updated reference in note 2) on 29 January 2012@22:13:26.
Headword:
Agoranomias
Adler number: alpha,302
Translated headword: market-supervisorship, market-supervisorships
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] auditorship/s. The term is applied to those who oversee sales in the cities.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the related concrete noun] "market-supervisors" [
agoranomoi]: the officials who manage the sales in the marketplace [sc. in
Athens].[2]
Aristophanes in
Acharnians [writes]: "as market-supervisors of the market I appoint the three who were chosen by lot, the thongs from Leprous."[3] That is, straps, whips. For in olden days the auditors of the marketplace used to beat people with whips. And "leprous" [
leprou/s] some explain as [sc. wordplay] from the verb
lepein, that is, "to beat"; others from Lepreon a small town of the Peloponnese which
Callimachus also mentions in the
Hymns: "citadel of Kaukones, which is called Lepreion."[4] Others still [sc. derive it] from mangy cattle, since the hides of mangy cattle are tough. Still others because the Megarians, with whom he[5] is making a treaty, have mangy bodies. But better to say that [sc. there is] a place called Leproi outside the [Athenian] town-center where the tanners' shops were. There is also a mention of this in
Birds: "why then do you settle [in] Helian Lepreon."[6]
Also [sc. attested is the the verb] "I supervise markets" [
a)goranomw=]; [used] with a genitive.
Greek Original:Agoranomias: logistias. eirêtai de epi tôn episkopountôn ta tôn poleôn ônia. kai Agoranomoi, hoi ta kata tên agoran ônia dioikountes archontes. Aristophanês Acharneusin: agoranomous de tês agoras kathistamai treis tous lachontas, tous d' himantas ek leprôn. toutesti lôrous, phrangelia. to gar palaion phrangelois etupton hoi logistai tês agoras. leprôn de hoi men apo tou lepein, ho esti tuptein: hoi de apo Lepreou polismatos tês Peloponnêsou, hês memnêtai kai Kallimachos en Humnois: Kaukônôn ptoliethron, ho Lepreion pephatistai. hoi de ek leprôn boôn, dia to ta ek leprôn boôn dermata ischura einai. hoi de hoti hoi Megareis leproi to sôma, pros hous spendetai. ameinon de legein, hoti topos exô tou asteos Leproi kaloumenos, entha ta burseia ên. hou kai en Ornisi memnêtai: ti d' oun ton hêlion Lepreon oikizete. kai Agoranomô: genikêi.
Notes:
The headword -- evidently extracted from somewhere -- and primary gloss are either genitive singulars or accusative plurals.
[1] Likewise in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha228 Theodoridis.
[2] From Harpokration s.v., commenting on
Demosthenes 24.112 and also citing ?
Aristotle, Ath.Pol. 51.1.
[3]
Aristophanes,
Acharnians 723-4 (web address 1), followed here by comment from the
scholia there; cf.
lambda 291.
[4]
Callimachus,
Hymn to Zeus 39.
[5] Dikaiopolis, that is, the speaker of the quotation.
[6] What seems to be a very mangled quotation from
Aristophanes,
Birds 150. A more correct quotation might be translated as "Why do you two not go and settle in Lepreon in Elis?" This would seem to be a reference to the Peloponnesian Lepreon and not to a Leproi outside
Athens. See web address 2 below for the text of
Aristophanes (and cf.
lambda 288,
lambda 289).
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: clothing; comedy; constitution; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; history; law; medicine; poetry; rhetoric; trade and manufacture; zoology
Translated by: William Hutton on 30 October 2000@00:03:30.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Agônios
Adler number: alpha,332
Translated headword: competitor
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Someone in a competition.[1] Also [sc. attested is] the feminine a)gwni/a, [meaning] fear. But a)goni/a with a short 'o' [means] barrenness.[2]
Greek Original:Agônios: ho en agôni. kai thêlukon Agônia, ho phobos. Agonia de dia tou o mikrou, hê steirôsis.
Notes:
[1] Same material, according to Adler, in the
Ambrosian Lexicon.
[2] See already
alpha 295.
Keywords: athletics; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; gender and sexuality; medicine
Translated by: Malcolm Heath on 17 June 1999@10:14:24.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Altered headword, cosmetics, set status.) on 21 October 2000@16:13:08.
David Whitehead (restorative cosmetics) on 29 April 2002@08:16:10.
David Whitehead (notes; betacoding and other cosmetics) on 6 January 2012@06:45:19.
Catharine Roth (added note number) on 7 January 2012@19:59:41.
Catharine Roth (coding, more keywords) on 17 June 2023@21:28:51.
Headword:
Agurrios
Adler number: alpha,385
Translated headword: Agyrrhios, Agyrrhius
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A proper name. [The man] who was slandered for weakness, that he actually breaks wind.
Aristophanes in
Plutus [says this]. And he was also ridiculed for over-boldness.[1]
Also [sc. attested is] Agyrrhios, an Athenian demagogue of some renown.[2]
Agyrrhios got away with having the beard of Pronomos.[3] The general Agyrrhios was effeminate.[4] He commanded in
Lemnos,[5] and [he was the man] who curtailed the poets' fee.[6] But Pronomos was a piper with a great beard.[7]
Greek Original:Agurrios: onoma kurion. hos epi malakiai diebeblêto hôs kai perdesthai auton. Aristophanês Ploutôi. ekômôideito de kai eis thrasutêta. kai Agurrios, dêmagôgos Athênaiôn ouk aphanês. Agurrios ton Pronomou pôgôn' echôn lelêthen. ho Agurrios stratêgos thêludriôdês, arxas en Lêmnôi, hos ton misthon tôn poiêtôn sunetemen. ho de Pronomos aulêtês ên megan pôgôna echôn.
Notes:
[1] From the
scholia to
Aristophanes,
Plutus [
Wealth] 176; cf.
pi 1039.
Aristophanes in fact writes that Agyrrhios' flatulence, and much else besides, was motivated by Wealth:
*)agu/rrios d' ou)xi\ dia\ tou=ton [Wealth]
pe/rdetai;
[2] Despite 'also' (which simply stems, here, from the incorporation of Harpokration s.v., commenting on
Demosthenes 24.134), this is the same man, Agyrrhios of Kollytos (LGPN ii s.v. no.1). See generally Develin (1989) Index I no.44; Hansen (1989) p.34; P.J.
Rhodes in OCD(4) s.v. (p.45).
[3]
Aristophanes,
Ecclesiazusae 102-3, with comment from the
scholia there; cf.
pi 2527.
[4] This adjective for effeminate derives from a word for 'hairdresser' and is also used for a type of kiss, and a type of melody. See
kappa 912 (note 1),
mu 134.
[5] For his generalship in 389/8 see Develin (1989) p.215. The demagogue Agyrrhios and the general here described are the same man; cf. already n.2.
[6] A measure not otherwise attested (amongst A's documented interest in fees: see the summary in Hansen (1989) p.34).
[7] For the Theban piper Pronomos see Geisau, RE XXIII, 748 (and
pi 2527). He is depicted playing the double
aulos on the so-called Pronomos krater (Web address 1).
References:
Develin, Robert: 1989: Athenian Officials 684-321 BC. Cambridge.
Hansen, Mogens Herman. 1989: "Rhetores and Strategoi in Fourth-Century Athens." In The Athenian Ecclesia II. Copenhagen. Pp. 25-72.
Stroud, Ronald S. 1998: The Athenian Tax Law of 374/3 B.C. Hesperia Supplement 29, Princeton NJ (American School of Classical Studies at Athens) See esp pp.18ff.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; comedy; definition; economics; gender and sexuality; history; medicine; military affairs; meter and music; poetry; politics; rhetoric
Translated by: Debra Hamel on 12 August 1999@20:03:15.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (added headword; augmented bibliography; cosmetics) on 29 September 2000@08:02:15.
Robert Dyer (Added note 4 and reference to Pronomus in Aristophanes. Cosmetics.) on 29 January 2002@15:00:15.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 27 May 2004@04:54:54.
Catharine Roth (betacode cosmetics) on 17 August 2004@22:38:04.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 9 October 2005@11:09:41.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 27 November 2005@09:40:38.
David Whitehead (augmented n.2; another keyword; cosmetics) on 20 July 2011@04:55:36.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 30 July 2014@03:01:13.
Headword:
Agurtês
Adler number: alpha,388
Translated headword: mendicant
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning a] beggar,[1] mountebank.
One who asks for more, greedy.[2]
Or a vulgar person. And it is also a throw with dice[3] and a
Gallus[4] and a seer, as
Apion [says].
In the
Epigrams: "a certain beggar-priest of the Mother who had severed a genital vein".[5]
And elsewhere: "a deceitful beggar, who looked only for profit".[6]
And elsewhere: "for he was in fact a seer and enamoured of omens".[7]
Greek Original:Agurtês: ptôchos, ochlagôgos. epaitês, philokerdês. ê surphetôdês. esti de kai bolos kubeutikos kai Gallos kai mantis, hôs Apiôn. en Epigrammasi: keiramenos gonimên tis apo phleba Mêtros agurtês. kai authis: dolion agurtên, hos en tois kerdesi monon dedorke. kai authis: ên gar autos agurtês tôi onti kai philomanteutês.
Notes:
See also
alpha 389 (and cf. already
alpha 387).
[1] From the
scholia to
Sophocles,
Oedipus Tyrannus 388, where the accusative case of the headword occurs; quoted below.
[2] Same or similar glossing in other lexica; references at
Photius alpha280 Theodoridis.
[3] cf.
beta 369.
[4] A priest of Cybele (Kybele, a Phrygian goddess, equivalent to the Minoan goddess Rhea, cf.
kappa 2586).
[5]
Greek Anthology 6.218.1 (
Alcaeus), the dedication of a eunuch priest of Cybele who escaped from a lion by beating his timbrels; cf. Gow and Page, vol. I (9) and vol. II (24-26) and further extracts from this epigram at
gamma 158,
theta 526,
pi 952,
pi 2954,
tau 316, and
omega 89.
[6]
Sophocles,
Oedipus Tyrannus 388-9 (Oedipus on Teiresias).
[7] 'Dam.', says Adler's note (=
Damascius fr. 212 Zintzen); cf.
alpha 389.
References:
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams, vol. I, (Cambridge 1965)
A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, eds., The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams, vol. II, (Cambridge 1965)
Keywords: biography; daily life; definition; economics; ethics; gender and sexuality; medicine; meter and music; poetry; religion; tragedy; women; zoology
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 27 March 1999@18:07:24.
Vetted by:David Whitehead (augmented notes; added keywords; cosmetics) on 17 July 2001@09:31:21.
David Whitehead (another keyword; cosmetics) on 28 November 2005@08:21:22.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 7 February 2011@10:02:13.
David Whitehead (augmented notes; another keyword; tweaks) on 9 January 2012@05:11:58.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 29 June 2012@00:50:46.
David Whitehead on 19 August 2013@04:47:23.
Ronald Allen (exanded n.5, added bibliography, added keywords) on 19 November 2018@23:50:28.
Ronald Allen ((spelling) expanded n.5) on 20 November 2018@00:34:45.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.4 and n.5, added cross-references) on 6 December 2018@12:31:45.
Headword:
Anchousa
Adler number: alpha,416
Translated headword: alkanet, bugloss, rouge
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A type of plant, which has a red root used by women to redden their faces. "Alkanet will harm [you] as will that white lead[1] of yours".[2]
Greek Original:Anchousa: eidos botanês, hês hê rhiza eruthra, hêi eruthrainousi ta prosôpa hai gunaikes. hê anchous' odunêsei kai to son psimmuthion.
Notes:
Anchusa tinctoria:
a)/gxousa here; Attic
e)/gxousa in
Aristophanes,
Lysistrata 48 and elsewhere.
Besides what follows here (and in
epsilon 3093) see e.g.
Theophrastus,
Enquiry into Plants 7.9.3.
[1] This was also used as a facial cosmetic: see
psi 108.
[2]
Aristophanes,
Ecclesiazusae 928-9, telescoped (see web address 1). The USDA does not indicate that the plant is poisonous, but
Anchusa officinalis is classified as a noxious weed in Oregon and Washington. See web address 2.
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: botany; comedy; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; gender and sexuality; medicine; science and technology; women
Translated by: William Hutton on 31 October 2000@11:54:11.
Vetted by:
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