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Headword: Hêrôdês
Adler number: eta,544
Translated headword: Herodes, Herod, Herod the Great
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Herod], the first King of the Jews. He had three sons bearing his name and with a second name: Herod Antipas who beheaded the Precursor,[1] in whose time as well the Lord was crucified; Herod Philip, to whom his first wife Herodias bore a daughter Salome, the one who danced;[2] and Herod Agrippa who beheaded James the son of Zebedee.[3] It was to him that the crowd shouted: "this is the voice of God and not of a man," and he received punishment there and then. When he had put on a garment made from silver, he entered the theater and began speaking, seated on an upraised platform. With the sun's rays striking upon the garment, the luster glittering from the sunlight on the garment struck the eyes of those standing about. With the people being raised up by this, and as if they spoke a good omen by calling him God, the wretched king excited himself the more.[4] Immediately, however, an angel of the Lord struck him suddenly, and he leaped from his seat with his stomach in shreds. When James' accuser saw the apostle being led to his death, he repented and fell at his feet, saying: "forgive me, man of God, because I have repented of those things I said against you." The holy man immediately kissed him and said to him: "peace to you, child, peace to you and forgiveness of your sin." Then, with a loud voice, the accuser immediately proclaimed himself a Christian before all, so that he also carried off the prize of martyrdom. But the wretched Herod, the trophy won, suffering for some days and gushing worms from his body, pitifully ended his life in the same manner as his most sacrilegious father.[5] So, he obtained the reward of his daring against Christ and his age-mates[6] while still alive, and thus ended his life with a shameful fate.[7]
Greek Original:
Hêrôdês, ho prôtos basileus Ioudaiôn. eschen huious homônumous autôi kai diônumous treis: Hêrôdên Antipan ton kai ton Prodromon apotemonta, eph' hou kai ho Kurios estaurôthê: kai Hêrôdên Philippon, hôi prôton Hêrôdias sunaphtheisa thugatera Salômên esche tên kai orchêsamenên: kai Hêrôdên Agrippan ton kai Iakôbon anelonta tou Zebedaiou. pros hon tou dêmou epiphônountos tote: phônê theou kai ouk anthrôpou, dikên edôken autika. stolên gar ex argurou pepoiêmenên perithemenos kai eis to theatron elthôn kai eph' hupsêlou bêmatos kathisas edêmêgorei. tês de hêliakês aktinos prospesousês tôi endumati lampêdôn têi augêi tês esthêtos anakratheisa tas opseis tôn periestôtôn katêstrapse. kai aiôrêthentôn epi toutôi kai hôs theon auton euphêmêsantôn epairetai pleon ho deilaios: hon euthus angelos Kuriou epataxen athroôs, kai anepêdêse tês kathedras ek tou sparattesthai deinôs tên gastera autou. ton de Iakôbon idôn apagomenon tên epi thanaton ho katêgoros autou kai metamelêtheis prosepese tois posi tou apostolou legôn: sunchôrêson moi, anthrôpe tou theou, hoti metamemelêmai eph' hois elalêsa kata sou. ho de makarios parautika touton kataphilêsas eipen autôi: eirênê soi teknon, eirênê soi kai sunchôrêsis tou ptaismatos. ho de meta phônês megalês eutheôs Christianon heauton epi pantôn anêgoreusen, hôs kai to tou marturiou brabeion apenenkasthai. ho de athlios Hêrôdês epi hêmeras phtheiromenos kai skôlêkas ekbrazôn eleeinôs ton bion katelusen hôs kai ho dussebestatos autou patêr. kakeinos gar tapicheira tês kata Christou kai tôn homêlikôn autou tolmês eti periôn tôi biôi komisamenos aischistôi morôi ton bion katestrepsen.
Notes:
George the Monk, Chronicon [III.B, ed. C. de Boor, vol. I (Stuttgart, 1978)] 308.9 - 309.19.
[1] i.e. John the Baptist; cf. under alpha 985, iota 503.
[2] For Herodias, see eta 547; for this Salome and another, sigma 65.
[3] Herod Agrippa was in fact the grandson of Herod. Agrippa's father was Aristobulus IV, son of Herod the Great and Mariamne I of the Hasmonaean family. James is not to be confused with the brother of Jesus, but is the Apostle James the Greater, whom tradition recognizes as the evangelizer of Spain with a tomb at Santiago de Compostella. See Catholic Encyclopedia entry at web address 1.
[4] Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 19.8.2.
[5] This passage presents a confused version of Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 2.9. Eusebius referred to Acts 12:1-2 ("About that time King Herod laid violent hands upon some who belonged to the church. He had James, the brother of John, killed with the sword" NRSV). He then elaborated by citing the seventh book of the lost Hypotyposes of Clement of Alexandria. The accuser of James "was so moved at seeing him testify as to confess that he also was himself a Christian. 'So they were both led away together,' [Clement] says, 'and on the way he asked for forgiveness for himself from James. And James looked at him for a moment and said, 'Peace be to you,' and kissed him. So both were beheaded at the same time.'" The version of George the Monk, quoted here, conflates the entire story with those of the deaths of both Herod the Great and Herod Agrippa as recounted by Josephus and Eusebius (Ecclesiastical History 2.10).
[6] The "holy innocents": Matthew 2.16-18.
[7] Herod Agrippa died at the age of 54.
Reference:
Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History, ed. and English trans. by Kirsopp Lake, Loeb Classical Library, vol. I (Cambridge MA, 1965), pp. 127-29
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; Christianity; chronology; clothing; definition; ethics; historiography; history; medicine; religion; women
Translated by: John Arnold on 21 June 2000@18:55:04.
Vetted by:
John Arnold on 21 June 2000@18:57:22.
John Arnold on 17 October 2000@12:59:51.
John Arnold on 17 October 2000@13:02:10.
Catharine Roth (modified translation slightly, reset status) on 24 January 2002@16:25:14.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 25 January 2002@03:13:48.
Catharine Roth (modified translation and notes; reset status) on 28 January 2002@13:52:37.
David Whitehead on 17 June 2002@08:41:37.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 3 October 2005@09:44:09.
David Whitehead (tweaked tr; another note (now n.1); more keywords; cosmetics) on 22 February 2007@08:04:18.
Elizabeth Vandiver (Added italics) on 14 April 2007@23:46:41.
Catharine Roth (deleted defunct links, other cosmetics) on 11 January 2012@01:12:06.
David Whitehead (another keyword; cosmetics; raised status) on 20 December 2012@03:34:09.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 23 December 2012@23:59:09.
Catharine Roth (tweaked note) on 23 January 2022@22:46:42.

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