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Headword: Thespis
Adler number: theta,282
Translated headword: Thespis
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
Of Ikarion, a city of Attica.[1] [He was] a tragic poet, 16th after the first writer of tragedies Epigenes of Sicyon, but some [say] the second after Epigenes;[2] others say that he was the first tragedian. At first he performed having rubbed his face with white lead, then he covered [his face] with purslane in his performance,[3] and after that he also introduced the use of masks made solely from linen.[4] He produced his plays in the 61st Olympiad.[5] He is remembered for his plays The [funeral] games of Pelias or [The] Phorbas, The Priests, The Youths, Pentheus.[6]
Greek Original:
Thespis, Ikariou, poleôs Attikês, tragikos i#2# apo tou prôtou genomenou tragôidiopoiou Epigenous tou Sikuôniou tithemenos, hôs de tines deuteros meta Epigenên: alloi de auton prôton tragikon genesthai phasi. kai prôton men chrisas to prosôpon psimuthiôi etragôidêsen, eita andrachnêi eskepasen en tôi epideiknusthai, kai meta tauta eisênenke kai tên tôn prosôpeiôn chrêsin en monêi othonêi kataskeuasas. edidaxe de epi tês prôtês kai x# olumpiados. mnêmoneuetai de tôn dramatôn autou Athla Peliou ê Phorbas, Hiereis, Êïtheoi, Pentheus.
Notes:
R.A.S. Seaford in OCD(4) s.v.; and see also theta 283.
[1] Ikarion (also called Ikaria) was one of the demes of Attica whose pre-classical history and stature led it often -- after as well as before Kleisthenes -- to be termed a "city", polis. For Ikarion as the place where both tragedy and comedy were said to have originated see e.g. Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 2.40A-B [2.11 Kaibel]; and generally D. Whitehead, The Demes of Attica (Princeton 1986) index s.v.
[2] R.A.S. Seaford in OCD(4) s.v. Epigenes(1). (epsilon 2262 is a later Athenian homonym.)
[3] According to Pickard-Cambridge [below] 76 the meaning here is that Thespis hung the strung flowers of the herb purslane over his face as a disguise.
[4] "But what the words 'in linen alone' mean is uncertain; they may mean 'of linen only, not of cork or wood', or 'of linen without paint or colouring', or 'of linen without any stiffening'." Pickard-Cambridge [below] 79.
[5] 536/5-533/2.
[6] See Heraclides 150 Schutrumpf for discussion of the possibility that these plays were forged by Heraclides of Pontus.
Reference:
A.W. Pickard-Cambridge, Dithyramb, Tragedy and Comedy, 2nd ed. rev. T.B.L. Webster. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1962, pp.69-89
Keywords: biography; botany; chronology; clothing; comedy; epic; geography; history; mythology; poetry; religion; stagecraft; trade and manufacture; tragedy
Translated by: Tony Natoli on 16 April 2001@18:25:09.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified translation and note; cosmetics) on 22 April 2001@06:36:27.
David Whitehead (added x-ref; restorative and other cosmetics) on 20 December 2002@03:06:54.
David Mirhady (updated ref.) on 2 September 2008@18:43:02.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaking) on 2 January 2013@04:39:22.
David Whitehead on 2 January 2013@04:40:39.
David Whitehead (updated 2 refs) on 5 August 2014@07:09:01.
David Whitehead (expanded a ref) on 15 January 2015@07:42:45.

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