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Headword: *nealh/s
Adler number: nu,104
Translated headword: fresh
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
Properly [sc. this means] a fish recently caught. But it is also a term used of [one] recently salted.[1]
Also someone recently captured.[2]
Appian [writes]: "[...] to see the mass of the people from the wall and always to send out other, fresh [troops] to help those in trouble; the Celts, weary [and] enmeshed in toils, began to flee in disarray".[3]
And Polybius [writes]: "the enemy being unharmed and fresh".[4]
Greek Original:
*nealh/s: kuri/ws o( newsti\ e(alwkw\s i)xqu/s. le/getai de\ kai\ o( newsti\ a(lisqei/s. kai\ o( newsti\ a(lou/s. *)appiano/s: to\n de\ dh=mon a)po\ tou= tei/xous o(ra=n kai\ toi=s ponoume/nois e(te/rous nealei=s e)pipe/mpein a)ei/: oi( de\ *keltoi\ kekmhko/tes a)kmh=si sumpleko/menoi e)/feugon a)ta/ktws. kai\ *polu/bios: tou\s polemi/ous a)kerai/ous o)/ntas kai\ nealei=s.
Notes:
On the two related senses of nealh/s presented and illustrated here (based on alternative etymologies), see generally LSJ s.v. (web address 1).
[1] Same material in Photius (mu67 Theodoridis) and other lexica, and cf. the scholia to Plato, Politicus 265B. Harpokration s.v., commenting on Demosthenes 25.61, writes: "a man newly captured used to be called this, by a metaphor from fish".
[2] Likewise Hesychius nu174.
[3] Appian, Celtica fr. 9.
[4] Polybius fr. 62 Büttner-Wobst (p. 523) (contextless).
Reference:
T. Büttner-Wobst, ed., Polybii Historiae, vol. IV, (Leipzig 1904)
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; food; historiography; history; imagery; military affairs; rhetoric; zoology
Translated by: David Whitehead on 10 August 2009@07:45:51.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (keyword, status) on 12 August 2009@22:02:25.
David Whitehead (expanded notes; another keyword) on 13 August 2009@03:35:34.
David Whitehead (reworked n.1) on 12 July 2011@08:48:20.
David Whitehead on 5 June 2013@05:54:21.
Catharine Roth (added a link) on 18 October 2020@01:03:52.
Catharine Roth (expanded note) on 18 October 2020@13:30:07.
Ronald Allen (augmented n.4, added bibliography) on 19 October 2020@12:57:31.

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