[1] The headword e)pe/sqwn (extracted from the quotation given) is a present participle in the masculine nominative singular; the first gloss, e)pesqi/wn, is simply a more canonical form of it. For the same opposition between -esq- and -esqi-, cf. epsilon 3142.
[2] The Suda mss here have th\n a(li/h (a nominative noun with an accusative article). The original was almost certainly the more grammatical, and more poetical, th\n a(li/hn.
[3] An abridgment of Callimachus, Epigram 47 Pfeiffer ( = Greek Anthology 6.301.1-3). The original has, more understandably, "great storms of debts", a nautical metaphor which the poet capitalizes on for a pun in the last line of the epigram, wherein Eudemos announces that he was saved "by/from the salt/sea". For "the Samothracian gods" cf. generally sigma 79.