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Headword: Adiaphoria
Adler number: alpha,478
Translated headword: indifference
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning] negligence without close observation.[1]
"Indifference[2] means two things. One is that which contributes neither to happiness nor to misery, as is the case with wealth, reputation, health, strength and suchlike; for it is possible to be happy without these things, although a certain way of using these things is conducive to happiness or to misery. In another sense indifference is said to be that which incites neither attraction nor repulsion, such as having an odd or even number of hairs on one's head, stretching out one's finger or crooking it. But the aforementioned indifferent things were not termed so after this fashion: for it is possible for those things to incite attraction or repulsion. Therefore some of these things are preferred [and others are rejected],[3] whereas the other sort afford no ground for either choosing or avoidance. Some indifferent things, they say, are "preferred" and others are "rejected". Those are preferred which have [positive] value and those which have negative value are rejected. Value is first that which is some assistance to a harmonious life, which is connected to every good thing. Secondly it is some intermediate power or use which contributes to a life according to nature, which is similar to saying whatever wealth or health contributes to a life according to nature. Thirdly, value is the full equivalent of an appraiser, which an expert in the matters sets, just as it is said that wheat is exchanged for barley along with a mule. Preferred things, then, are those which have value: such things among mental qualities are talent, skill, progress, and the like; such things among bodily qualities are life, health, strength, good condition, soundness, beauty; those among external things are wealth, fame, nobility and the like. Rejected things among mental qualities are lack of ability, lack of skill and the like; among bodily qualities they are death, disease, feebleness, poor hygiene, mutilation, ugliness and the like; and those among external things are poverty, ignominy, humble origins and such things. But there are things which are neither, neither preferred nor rejected. Still, of the things which are preferred, some are preferred for their own sake, some on account of something else, and others for their own sake and because of something else. For their own sake are talent and progress and the like preferred; because of something else are wealth and nobility and the like preferred, and for their own sake and because of something else are strength, vigorous capacity of sensation and soundness preferred. Things are preferred for their own sake because they are in accordance with nature. Things are preferred because of something else because they provide more than a little utility. And likewise for the [un]preferred[4] things under the contrary headings."
Greek Original:
Adiaphoria: ameleia chôris paratêrêseôs. to de adiaphoron dichôs legetai: hapax men to mête pros eudaimonian mête pros kakodaimonian sunergoun, hôs echei ploutos, doxa, hugeia, ischus kai ta homoia: endechetai gar kai chôris toutôn eudaimonein, tês poias autôn chrêseôs eudaimonikês ousês ê kakodaimonikês. allôs de legetai adiaphoron to mête hormês mête aphormês kinêtikon, hôs echei to artias echein epi tês kephalês trichas ê perittas, ê ekteinai ton daktulon ê susteilai, tôn proterôn adiaphorôn kai ouketh' houtôs legomenôn: hormês gar estin ekeina kai aphormês kinêtika. dio ta men autôn eklegetai, tôn de heterôn ep' isês echontôn pros hairesin kai phugên. tôn adiaphorôn ta men legousi proêgoumena, ta de apoproêgoumena. proêgoumena men ta echonta axian, apoproêgoumena de ta echonta anaxian. axian de tên men tina sumblêsin pros ton homologoumenon bion, hêtis esti peri pan agathon: tên de einai mesên tina dunamin ê chreian sullambanomenên pros ton kata phusin bion homoion eipein, hêntina eispheretai eis ton kata phusin bion ploutos, hugeia: tên de euexian amoibên dokimastou, hên an ho empeiros tôn pragmatôn taxêi, homoion eipein ameibesthai purous pros tas sun hêmionôi krithas. proêgoumena men oun einai, ha kai axian echein: hoion epi men tôn psuchikôn euphuïan, technên, prokopên kai ta homoia: epi de tôn sômatikôn zôên, hugeian, rhômên, euexian, artiotêta, kallos: epi de tôn ektos plouton, doxan, eugeneian kai ta homoia. apoproêgoumena de epi men tôn psuchikôn aphuïan, atechnian kai ta homoia: epi de tôn sômatikôn thanaton, noson, astheneian, kachexian, pêrôsin, aischos kai ta homoia epi de tôn ektos penian, adoxian, dusmeneian kai ta paraplêsia: oute de proêchthê oute apoproêchthê ta mêdeterôs echonta. eti tôn proêgoumenôn ta men di' hauta proêktai, ta de di' hetera, ta de kai di' hauta kai di' hetera. di' hauta men euphuïa, prokopê kai ta homoia: di' hetera de ploutos, eugeneia kai ta homoia: di' hetera de kai di' hauta ischus, euaisthêsia, artiotês. di' hauta men, hoti kata phusin esti: di' hetera de, hoti peripoiei chreias ouk oligas. homoiôs de echei kai to proêgoumenon kata ton enantion logon.
Notes:
[1] Likewise or similarly in other lexica; references at Photius alpha353 Theodoridis. After this initial gloss, the main body of the entry quotes, with only minor variations, Diogenes Laertius 7.104-107 (on Stoic doctrine).
[2] Not the headword itself, a feminine noun, but the equivalent idiom using the neuter adjective.
[3] This phrase is conventionally supplied in the text of D.L.
[4] The Suda version of D.L. lacks this negative prefix.
Keywords: botany; definition; economics; ethics; food; medicine; philosophy; zoology
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 13 June 2000@07:09:47.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (Modified translation.) on 18 December 2000@01:31:11.
Catharine Roth (Augmented note.) on 18 December 2000@17:20:00.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 30 April 2002@08:19:11.
David Whitehead (more keywords) on 4 December 2005@08:34:26.
David Whitehead (tweaks) on 10 January 2012@10:11:12.
David Whitehead on 19 August 2013@05:51:00.
David Whitehead on 24 April 2015@02:52:59.

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