[Prousias][1] the king, being unpleasant of aspect though happening to have a superior rational capacity; [was][2] only half a man in appearance[3] and in respect of military prerequisites ignoble and womanly.[4] For he was not only a coward, but was also averse to all hardships and,[5] in short, had been feminized both in spirit and body in all areas of his life. This is something all people, but especially the race of the Bithynians, absolutely do not like to see happen where kings are concerned. And a kind of substantial licentiousness followed him everywhere in matters of physical desire. He was utterly untouched by education and philosophy and the intellectual matters found therein.[6] He had not even an inkling of goodness and what it is, and lived the barbarous life of Sardanapalos[7] both by day and by night. So of course, the moment they grabbed[8] even a slight hope, the mass of people whom he ruled had an irrevocable impulse not only to support the opposite side to the king, but also to want to exact punishment from him.