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Headword: Proairesis
Adler number: pi,2376
Translated headword: choice; choosing
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
Aristotle in the Topics says: when we want to show that there is no choice in the irrational we will take [sc. into account] the definition of choice; this is 'a taking before another thing';[1] furthermore, choosing one thing before another is [something one does] in those [domains] where to deliberate is possible as well. For to select[2] one thing before another occurs rationally; whereas none of the irrational [creatures] deliberates; so that it does not chose, either. 'Choice' is a deliberative desire of those things depending on us,[3] or a desiderative deliberation of those things depending on us. For I choose by aiming at what has been selected as the result of deliberation.[4] And deliberation[5] is a desire related to inquiry which is produced with regard to those things, depending on us, concerned with action.[6] For someone 'deliberates' whether he ought to go in quest of a thing, or not. Then he judges the better alternative, and judgement takes place. Then he is [sc. well] disposed and shows affection for what was judged by deliberation, and this is called "judgmental opinion".[7] But if he judges and is not [sc. well] disposed in respect of what was judged, i.e. he shows no affection for it, this is not called "judgmental opinion". Then, after the disposition, choice arises, i.e. selection.[8] For choice is [a matter] of two components: choosing and selecting this before something else. And this [is] plain, from the etymology itself: that choice is deliberation accompanied by discrimination.[9] For what is worth choosing, one thing before another, is an object of choice. No one discriminates anything, if he has not deliberated; and no one chooses, if he has not selected.
Search "choice and wish" under the entry "wish".[10]
Greek Original:
Proairesis: Aristotelês en tois Topois legei: deixai thelontes hoti mê estin en alogôi proairesis, lêpsometha ton logon tês proaireseôs: esti de houtos pro heterou hairesis: alla mên to allo pro allou haireisthai en toutois estin, en hois kai to bouleuesthai: to gar allo allou prokrinai meta logou ginetai: ouden de tôn alogôn bouleuetai: hôste oude proaireitai. Proairesis estin orexis bouleutikê tôn eph' hêmin, ê bouleusis orektikê tôn eph' hêmin: tou gar prokrithentos ek tês bouleuseôs ephiemenos proairoumai. boulê de estin orexis zêtêtikê peri tôn eph' hêmin praktôn ginomenê. bouleuetai gar tis, ei ôpheile metelthein to pragma, ê ou. eita krinei to kreitton, kai ginetai krisis. eita diatithetai kai agapai to ek tês boulês krithen kai legetai gnômê. ean de krinêi kai mê diatethêi pros to krithen êgoun agapêsei auto, ou legetai gnômê. eita meta tên diathesin ginetai proairesis, êgoun epilogê. proairesis gar esti duo prokeimenôn, to haireisthai kai eklegesthai touto pro tou heterou. kai touto phaneron, hoti boulê esti met' epikriseôs hê proairesis, kai ex autês tês etumologias. proaireton gar esti to heteron pro tou heterou haireton. oudeis de prokrinei ti, mê bouleusamenos: oude proaireitai, mê prokrinas. zêtei proairesis kai boulêsis en tôi boulêsis.
Notes:
[1] That is to say, a hairesis before (or instead of) another one (the Greek word for "choice", and the present headword, is proairesis, a sort of "preference"). The passage reproduces Alexander of Aphrodisias, Commentaries on Aristotle's Topica 176.15-20; Alexander is commenting on Aristotle, Topics 112a32.
[2] The Greek verb is prokrinein, 'to prefer, select, make a preliminary selection'.
[3] Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1113a10-11.
[4] The Greek is bouleusis.
[5] The Greek word is boule, a synonym of bouleusis in Aristotle's ethical treatises.
[6] Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1112b22-23: 'all deliberation (bouleusis) is inquiry'.
[7] Again the Greek is very hard to render; Aristotle defines gnome as a 'correct judgment of the decent person' (Nic.Eth. 1143a20). So, a 'judgmental opinion' is the result of analyzing the possible alternatives before performing an action; it implies, therefore, a certain kind of understanding which takes into account some special cases where some "consideration" can be needed.
[8] The Greek is epiloge, another word for "taking", "preference" or "selection".
[9] The noun epikrisis can also be rendered by "selective judgement".
[10] beta 437. On the discussion of choice, deliberation and wish or "rational desire" in Aristotle's ethical treatises see Cooper (1986) 1-88.
Reference:
John M. Cooper, Reason and Human Good in Aristotle (Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company) 1986 (reprint.; originally published Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press 1975).
Keywords: definition; ethics; philosophy
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 13 June 2000@11:49:05.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 16 January 2003@07:13:11.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 20 November 2005@09:34:46.
David Whitehead (tweaking) on 14 October 2013@09:37:35.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 15 June 2015@00:50:36.
David Whitehead (coding) on 24 May 2016@06:21:46.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticules) on 8 November 2021@18:35:19.

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