[1] Attested as the original personal name of two Persian kings, who ruled under the respective throne-names of Darius II (423-404) and Artaxerxes III Ochos (359-338). RE 17.2, col.1768.
[2] Aelian fr. 40a Domingo-Forasté (37 Hercher), quoted from alpha 3201, q.v. See also kappa 181. The Apis was the sacred bull-calf worshipped as a divinity in Egypt. Between 343 and 341 Artaxerxes III re-conquered Egypt, which had enjoyed more than half a century of independence from Persia, and expelled Nektanebo II, the last native Egyptian pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty. (For the chronology, see Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol.V, pp. 358-60.) This story of Artaxerxes' sacrilege against the Apis bull is derived from a more famous tradition about Kambyses, the first Persian conqueror of Egypt (525), related in Herodotus 3.27-29.