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Headword: Kroisos
Adler number: kappa,2500
Translated headword: Croesus, Kroisos
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
Croesus, king of [the] Lydians, having reigned supreme over Asia in his excessive wealth surpassed all the kings of the Assyrians, and wrote to Cyrus the king of the Assyrians thus: "we command you to surrender your kingdom, since it was ours from the beginning and belongs to [= within] our borders. For you will not withstand our rising up against you, nor will you enjoy good fortune against such a power as ours." Cyrus replied thus: "if all the world is not enough for you, in your fantasy, then these are fine things you say to us! But if as ruler of so much land you desire ours too, this prosperous course of good fortune would not last for you in the struggle against us." And having written these things, Cyrus intended to move to the Indian territory and flee the cruelty of Croesus. But Cyrus' wife Bardane, seeing him planning these things, told him to seek out Daniel, the man who had often been a prophet for her and for Darius, and to learn from him what he needed to do with regard to the war against Croesus. On hearing this Cyrus summoned the man and learned from him that he would defeat Croesus; and having learned this he made ready for the war. Likewise Croesus also sent to the [Delphic] oracle and thus was it forecast:[1] "I know the number of the sands and the measure of the sea; I perceive the mute and I hear what does not speak; the smell of a hard-shelled tortoise has come into my head, boiling with lamb's meat in bronze, with bronze below and bronze above." Thinking he was mocked, he sent again and the Pythia replied: "once he has crossed the river [H]alys, Croesus will destroy a great kingdom." And he destroyed his own. But Cyrus set free his Jewish captives and founded Jerusalem.
Greek Original:
Kroisos: hoti Kroisos, basileus Ludôn, katadunasteusas tês Asias en huperballonti ploutôi, huperêphanei pantas tous basileis tôn Assuriôn kai graphei Kurôi tôi basilei tôn Assuriôn houtôs: epitrepomen soi parachôrêsai tês basileias, hêmeteras te ousês ex archês kai tois hêmôn diapherousês horois. ou gar hupostêsêi epanistamenôn hêmôn kata sou, oude pros tên tosautên hêmôn eutuchian anthexêi. ho de Kuros antegrapsen houtôs: ei men ho pas kosmos ouk arkei soi tosautên echonti phantasian, kalôs hêmin tauta legeis: ei de tosautês gês despozôn kai tês hêmeteras erais, ouk an soi pros ton kath' hêmôn agôna hê tês tuchês euroia diameinoi. kai tauta grapsas Kuros ebouleto pros tên Indikên chôran metoikein kai phugein tên ômotêta tou Kroisou. all' hê toutou gunê Bardanê heôrakuia ton Kuron tauta bouleuomenon eipen autôi zêtêsai ton Daniêl ton autêi kai Dareiôi prophêteusanta pollakis kai par' autou mathein, ti dei praxai pros ton Kroisou polemon. hoper akousas ho Kuros metepempsato ton andra kai memathêkôs par' autou, hôs nikêsei ton Kroison, touto mathôn ta pros ton polemon pareskeuazen. homoiôs de kai Kroisos eis to manteion epempse kai echrêsmodotêthê houtôs: oida d' egô psammou t' arithmon kai metra thalassês kai kôphou xuniêmi kai ou laleontos akouô. odmê m' es phrenas êlthe kraterinoio chelônês, hepsomenês en chalkôi ham' arneiois kreasin, hêi chalkos men huperkeitai, chalkos d' hupokeitai. gnous de, hôs enepaichthê, palin stellei, kai aneilen hê Puthia: Kroisos Halun diabas potamon megalên archên katalusei. kai kateluse tên heautou. ho de Kuros tous aichmalôtous tôn Ioudaiôn apeluse kai ktizei tên Hierousalêm.
Notes:
For Croesus see already kappa 2497, kappa 2498, kappa 2499. For the present entry cf. John Malalas VI 7-11 pp.153-8 Dindorf = pp. 119-22 Thurn.
[1] The primary source for this is Herodotus 1.47.
Keywords: biography; economics; food; geography; historiography; history; imagery; military affairs; mythology; religion; women; zoology
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 13 June 2000@21:46:27.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified translation; added notes, bibliography, keywords) on 25 May 2001@08:01:12.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 4 December 2005@09:19:36.
David Whitehead (more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 19 May 2008@10:21:36.
David Whitehead on 18 March 2013@08:25:54.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 12 February 2020@20:14:30.
Olivier Gengler (Correction to the translation and addition of ref.) on 25 August 2022@09:12:07.

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