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Headword: o(/s
Adler number: eta,100
Translated headword: quoth he
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
The followers of Eratosthenes [said this was used] instead of e)/fh d' o(/s ["he said"].[1] For this reason they put a rough breathing on the last [syllable]; for o(/s is used as an article.[2] And h)= [is used] instead of e)/fh: "But we will wait, said Glaucon."[3] And h)=n d' e)gw/ [is used] instead of e)/fhn de\ e)gw/ ["I said"]. Likewise Hermippus in Birth of Athena [writes] h)si/n instead of fhsi/n: "Zeus says, 'I give many [women] their name.'"[4] And Aristarchus says that h)= d' o(/s [is used] instead of e)/fh d' o(/s ["he said"], and h)=n d' e)gw/ instead of e)/fhn d' e)gw/. He said that h)= was one of the archaic word-forms, and that Homer did not use it freely, nor make analogical forms from it: [he used it only] when it indicated the end of a speech, as in "He spoke, and [he nodded] with his dark eyebrows," and "He spoke, and [he shot an arrow] at Antinoos ..."[5] But [Aristarchus said] that those after Homer used it indiscriminately.[6]
Greek Original:
*)=h d' o(/s: oi( me\n peri\ *)eratosqe/nhn a)nti\ tou= e)/fh de\ o(/s. dio\ kai\ dasu/nousi th\n e)sxa/thn: e)nteta/xqai ga\r a)/rqron to\ o(/s. kai\ h)=, a)nti\ tou= e)/fh: a)lla\ perimenou=men, h)= d' o(\s o( *glau/kwn. kai\ h)=n d' e)gw/, a)nti\ tou= e)/fhn de\ e)gw/. paro\ dh\ kai\ *(/ermippos e)n *)aqhna=s gonai=s h)si\n a)nti\ tou= fhsi/n: o( *zeu\s didw/nw polla/s, fhsi/, tou)/noma. *)ari/starxos de\ to\ me\n h)= d' o(\s a)nti\ tou= e)/fh de\ o(/s. to\ de\ h)=n de\ e)gw/, e)/fhn d' e)gw/. to\ de\ h)= tw=n a)rxai/wn e)/fh ei)=nai leceidi/wn, *(/omhron d' ou) kata\ pa/nta xrh=sqai au)tw=|, ou)de\ sxhmati/zein a)p' au)tou= to\ a)na/logon me/n, w(s o(/tan lo/gou teleuth\n shmai/nh|: h)=| kai\ kuane/h|sin e)p' o)fru/si. kai/, h)=, kai\ e)p' *)antino/w|. tou\s de\ meq' *(/omhron a)diafo/rws au)to\ ta/ssein.
Notes:
Same material in Photius (Lexicon eta51); similarly elsewhere. See also eta 101.
[The SOL headword, mistakenly, gives only the second element of the phrase.]
[1] Eratosthenes [the great Alexandrian scholar: epsilon 2898] fr. 52 Strecker.
[2] The term a)/rqron includes more than what we call the definite article; here it would be an anaphoric pronoun. As it differs from contemporary Attic usage, it shows that this is a fossilized archaic phrase.
[3] Plato, Republic 1.327C: again, the addition of a subject noun indicates the fossilization of this phrase.
[4] Hermippus [epsilon 3044] fr.1 Kock (2. K.-A.).
[5] Homer, Iliad 1.528 and Odyssey 22.8.
[6] The observant Aristarchus (alpha 3892) was right, of course. The only form used in Homer is the third person singular imperfect h)=, which comes from *hkt (cf. Latin ai(i)o and ad-agium. The other forms, h)=n, h)si/, h)mi/ were formed from h)= by analogy with forms of fhmi/. Cf. eta 1, eta 101, eta 322, eta 371, eta 582.
Reference:
P. Chantraine, Grammaire homérique (Paris 1973) I.291
Keywords: comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; religion; women
Translated by: Catharine Roth on 16 November 2003@19:15:23.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified translation at one point; augmented keywords; cosmetics) on 17 November 2003@03:17:42.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 11 March 2008@21:29:52.
David Whitehead (added primary note; tweaking) on 5 December 2012@09:35:48.
David Whitehead on 5 December 2012@09:36:54.
David Whitehead (another note) on 17 December 2012@03:08:43.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 30 January 2015@23:43:14.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticules) on 29 July 2018@02:13:02.

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