From the scholia to Aristophanes, Clouds 1134, where the headword phrase occurs (see web address 1). See also delta 1205, epsilon 1292, epsilon 1296, epsilon 1294, epsilon 1295, epsilon 1298; LSJ entry at web address 2.
[1] *neomhni/a, also frequent as noumhni/a: "the new moon”, that is, the first day of the lunar month.
[2] The context seems to require u(perhme/rous, as conjectured by Ernesti (see Adler’s apparatus), since u(pero/rous (better u(perw/rous) is explained by lexicographers as 'over-ripe'; see Apollonius Dyscolus 1.64, Pollux 6.54. If the text is genuine, it can witness the use of the word as a synonym of u(perhme/rous in Byzantine Greek.
[3] See the scholia vetera on Aristophanes, Clouds 1131 and 1134, both of which the Suda is combining. Strepsiades appears to be very concerned about the approach of the day when his creditors will sue him for being insolvent, for this day was appointed for the lodging of deposits by litigants undertaking a lawsuit: pe/mpth, tetra\s, tri/th: meta\ tau/thn deute/ra: / ei)=q' h(\n e)gw\ ma/lista pasw=n h(merw=n / de/doika kai\ pe/frika kai\ bdelu/ttomai,/ eu)qu\s meta\ tau/thn e)sq' e)/nh te kai\ ne/a. 'The fifth, the fourth, the third, and after that the second; then, the day I fear the most of all the days, the day that makes me sick, that makes me shudder! Immediately afterwards is the new moon'.
[4] A lunar calendar such as the one described by the scholia is attested for Athens and elsewhere, e.g. Tenos and Thessaly (Samuel). Not all Greek calendars made use of this kind of schema; there was also a calendar counting forwards throughout the whole month and containing the date called triaka\s, used in Aetolia and elsewhere. The adoption of the backwards calendar is numbered among Solon’s reforms by Plutarch, Solon 25.
[5] The sense of this complex explanation rests on two particular features of the Athenian calendar, which was based on a backwards count at least for the last decade of each month and was actually a lunar calendar including ordinary 30 days months and hollow ones. In these last, a day was left out (called e)caire/simos) and the twenty-ninth was called triaka\s or e)/nh kai\ ne/a. It is subject of discussion whether the omitted date was the deute/ra fqi/nontos (the day which ended the backwards count) or the deka/th fqi/nontos (the date which began it).
[6] The insertion of '13th' ig' by the mss. TF is essential. Numerals very easily get lost in manuscripts, especially in a context that could create confusion both on the visual level and for the general sense of the passage.