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Headword:
*)\a
a)/
Adler number: alpha,1
Translated headword: ah! ah!
Vetting Status: high
Translation: In
Aristophanes an adverb accompanying surprise and command. "Ah! ah! Don't get that torch near me!"[1]
'Ah! ah!' must be read separately, not elided; and they both have smooth breathing.[2]. For if they were read together as one word, there would be no need of two accent marks.[3] "Ah" marks surprise, but "ha ha" is for awe, as
Agathias says in the
Epigrams: "ha, a very daring wax it was that formed..."[4]
Aab.[5]
Greek Original:#
Notes:
[1]
Aristophanes,
Plutus [
Wealth] 1052 (web address 1). The first sentence is derived from
scholia to this passage, and this may also be true of the rest of the entry.
[2] That is, it is "ah! ah!", not "ha! ha!" A difference registered in Greek by the orientation of a small breathing mark that is easily reversed in transcription, especially since by the time the Suda was compiled the initial 'h' had ceased to be pronounced.
[3] i.e.
a)\ a)/ is two words,
a)a/ would be one.
[4]
Greek Anthology 1.34.2; again (with slight variations) at
mu 389 and
sigma 664.
[5] This gloss-less addendum is actually a separate entry that occurs only in ms S. (In Adler's numbering system this is designated
alpha 1b, while the main entry is
alpha 1a.) Apparently this is a reference to the Hebrew month of Av, attested with this Greek spelling only in Joannes Lydus,
De mensibus 3.22.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: chronology; comedy; dialects, grammar, and etymology; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 9 November 1999@09:47:43.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aage/s
Adler number: alpha,2
Translated headword: unbroken, unbreakable
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning something] unshattered,[1] strong.
Greek Original:*)aage/s: a)/qrauston, i)sxuro/n.
Notes:
= Apollonius Sophistes,
Lexicon Homericum 2.4. Likewise in
Hesychius alpha7;
Photius,
Lexicon alpha4 Theodoridis;
Etymologicum Gudianum 1.12. This form of the adjective is the neuter nominative singular, as at
Homer,
Odyssey 11.575 (web address 1).
All but the last word of this entry is absent from ms M (=
Marcianus 448), as are the last several words of
alpha 1 (a and b).
[1] cf.
alpha 750.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 20 August 1998@17:55:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/aaptos
Adler number: alpha,5
Translated headword: irresistable, invulnerable
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone/something] unharmed.
Herodianus[1] says about
a)/aptos that it comes from
i)a/ptw ['I harm'], and after adding alpha-privative and dropping the 'i' [it becomes]
a)/aptos, "whom no one can harm." Or perhaps the 'a' is not to be taken as negative but as intensifying, so it would be "one who has great power to harm." Thus the first has a passive sense, the second an active. With the negative prefix it also means "one who is untouched."[2]
Greek Original:*)/aaptos: a)blabh/s. *(hrwdiano/s fhsi peri\ tou= a)/aptos, o(/ti gi/gnetai a)po\ tou= i)a/ptw to\ bla/ptw, kai\ meta\ tou= sterhtikou= a kai\ kat' e)/lleiyin tou= i a)/aptos, o(\n ou)dei\s du/natai bla/yai. h)\ ou)xi\ kata\ ste/rhsin e)klhpte/on to\ a, a)lla\ kat' e)pi/tasin, i(/n' h)=| o( mega/la duna/menos bla/ptein. w(/ste to\ me\n prw=ton dhloi= pa/qos, to\ de\ deu/teron e)ne/rgeian. le/getai de\ kai\ a)/aptos kata\ ste/rhsin o( a)/yaustos.
Notes:
This form of the headword, the nominative singular masculine/feminine, is unattested outside lexicography; however, plural forms occur frequently in hexameter poetry, in the formula
xei=res a)/aptoi or
xei=ras a)a/ptous (usually interpreted as 'irresistable hands'); e.g.
Homer,
Iliad 8.450 (web address 1).
[1] The etymological comments that follow occur only in mss G (= Parisinus 2623) and T (= Vaticanus 881); cf.
Herodianus 3.2.30.
[2] This etymology, alpha-privative +
a(/ptomai ('touch'), is the one most commonly accepted nowadays. See LSJ s.v. (web address 2) and Schwyzer,
DGE. Yet there is reason for doubt, and the correct Homeric form (attested already by
Aristophanes of
Byzantium) may actually be
a)ept-. See Chantraine s.v.
a)/aptos.
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:48:12.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aa/sxetos
Adler number: alpha,9
Translated headword: irresistible
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Something someone/something] uncontrollable.[1]
Greek Original:*)aa/sxetos: a)kra/thtos.
Notes:
A word from epic poetry, e.g.
Homer,
Iliad 5.892 (web address 1), with metrical reduplication of the initial alpha (cf. LSJ s.v.
a)/sxetos at web address 2). The headword and the gloss are both masculine/feminine nominative singular.
[1] A related but not identical word (
a)katakra/thton) is used to gloss the neuter form of the headword at
Etymologicum Magnum 1.32.
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; meter and music; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:55:57.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)aba/khsan
Adler number: alpha,11
Translated headword: they kept quiet
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] they were unaware, they did not understand.
Greek Original:*)aba/khsan: h)gno/hsan, h)sune/thsan.
Note:
The headword is the third person plural, aorist indicative active, of
a)bake/w. This form is found only in
Homer,
Odyssey 4.249 (web address 1), and the many lexicographical notices generated by it. Of those the most similar to this entry are
Photius,
Lexicon alpha22 Theodoridis, and
Etymologicum Magnum 2.30-31. Compare also Apollonius Sophistes,
Homeric Lexicon 2.16;
Hesychius alpha54. The glosses offered here and elsewhere probably represent semantic extrapolation from the Homeric context: When Odysseus comes in disguise to
Troy, Helen knows who he is but the rest of the people in
Troy a)ba/khsan. The translation of the headword, on the other hand, reflects the verb's probable etymological connection with the verb
ba/zw 'speak', and the adjective
a)bakh/s ('speechless', 'tranquil'). Cf. Chantraine s.v.
a)bakh/s, a connection that is sometimes mentioned as a possibility in the ancient scholarship.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:58:43.
Vetted by:
Headword:
*)/abaptos
Adler number: alpha,17
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