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Headword: *sh/kaqen
Adler number: sigma,299
Translated headword: they were penned
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning] they were shut up as into a pen, that is, a corral.[1]
Also [sc. attested is] shkasqe/ntas,[2] ["penned"], [meaning] enclosed as in a pen. "For he feared them even as they were penned in a circle, lest they force them by means of their numbers, having concentrated into one point the weakest part of the encirclement."[3]
And elsewhere: "once someone agitated by the goad from a dread goddess."[4]
Greek Original:
*sh/kaqen: w(s ei)s shko\n kateklei/sqhsan: toute/sti ma/ndran. kai\ *shkasqe/ntas, w(s e)n shkw=| perikleisqe/ntas. kai\ ga\r e)n ku/klw| me\n w(/sper shkasqe/ntas e)dedi/ei, mh\ dia\ plh=qos bia/sainto sfa=s, e)s e(\n to\ a)sqene/staton th=s kuklw/sews e)ntei/nantes. kai\ au)=qis: e)/k pote/ tis friktoi=o qea=s sesobhme/nos oi)/strw|.
Notes:
The primary headword is only attested here and in other lexica and grammars (e.g. Zonaras 1640.5, Gennadius Scholarius 2.484.15), and is probably a mistake (rather than a plausible variant) for sh/kasqen, aorist passive indicative, third person plural (epic dialect), of the hypothetical verb *shka/zw (see n. 1 below).
For related words see the next four entries, sigma 300 through sigma 303.
[1] From commentary to Homer, Iliad 8.131, the only literary attestation of sh/kasqen (see general note above); cf. the scholia there; Apollonius Sophistes, Homeric Lexicon 141.8 (s.v. shko/s); Etymologicum Magnum 711.3; Hesychius sigma479. Adler also cites Lexicon Ambrosianum 291.
[2] Aorist passive participle, accusative plural masculine, of the same verb; attested only here and in the quotation that follows, from which it is presumably extracted.
[3] Quotation unidentifiable. Adler suggests Aelian (via the Excerpta of Constantine Porphyrogenitus) as a possible source. Possibly also from a paraphrase or commentary on Xenophon, Cyropaedeia 3.3.63-70.
[4] Greek Anthology 6.219.1 (attributed to Antipater of Sidon). There is no obvious connection between this quotation and the rest of the entry. As Küster suggested, it may have been displaced from an entry on the participle sesobh/menos ('agitated'); cf. sigma 265. Additional extracts from Greek Anthology 6.219 may be found at alpha 1510, alpha 1828, alpha 4172, epsilon 747, zeta 19, kappa 2544, lambda 869, and sigma 1723.
Keywords: agriculture; architecture; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; historiography; history; imagery; military affairs; meter and music; mythology; poetry; religion
Translated by: William Hutton on 27 October 2013@12:32:31.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (cosmetics, status) on 27 October 2013@22:57:07.
David Whitehead (tweaking) on 28 October 2013@04:16:05.
David Whitehead on 23 December 2013@07:44:11.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 20 April 2015@00:33:56.
Ronald Allen (added cross-references n.4) on 5 August 2021@12:23:10.

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