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[An adverb] expressing complaint.
Sophocles [writes]: "[Deianeira:] Alas, what tale have you brought, child? - [Hyllus:] One bound to be fulfilled; for who could undo what has been seen?".[1]
And Aristophanes [writes]: "alas, unlucky man". In respect of those yearning to achieve their freedom; for the Athenians, having previously had a hard time in other sea-battles, won the sea-battle at Arginusae with slaves as their allies; and these they freed. So [Xanthias] is alluding to this in jest: if I had fought in the sea-battle I would have been set free.[2]
"And Euripides from the Bellerophon: 'alas! But why alas? We have suffered the lot of mortals'."[3]
"Alas, it is bad to anger a sick man, but who could endure someone with visions like these?".[4]

*oi)/moi: sxetliastiko/n. *sofoklh=s: oi)/moi, ti/n' e)ch/negkas, w)= te/knon, lo/gon, o(\n ou)x oi(=o/n te mh\ telesqh=nai: to\ ga\r fanqe\n ti/s a)\n du/nait' a)ge/nhton poiei=n; kai\ *)aristofa/nhs: oi)/moi kako/daimon: ti/ ga\r e)/gwg' ou)k e)nauma/xoun tw=| prote/rw| e)/tei. e)pi\ tw=n e)leuqeri/as tuxei=n e)fieme/nwn: peri\ ga\r *)arginou/sas e)ni/kwn naumaxi/a| oi( *)aqhnai=oi, summaxi/a| tw=n dou/lwn, prokakwqe/ntes a)/llais naumaxi/ais: ou(/s tinas h)leuqe/rwsan. pro\s tou=to ou)=n fhsi xarientizo/menos: ei)/per e)nenaumaxh/kein, ka)\n a)fei/mhn e)leu/qeros. kai\ *eu)ripi/dhs e)k tou= *bellerofo/ntou: oi)/moi. ti/ d' oi)/moi; qnhta/ toi pepo/nqamen. oi)/moi, tw=| me\n nosou=nti qumou=sqai kako/n. to\ d' w(=d' o(ra=n fronou=nta, ti/s pot' a)\n fe/roi;

cf. omicroniota 102.
[1] Sophocles, Trachiniae 741-743 (web address 1).
[2] Aristophanes, Frogs 33 (web address 2), with scholion. For Arginusae (406 BCE) cf. alpha 3778.
[3] Diogenes Laertius 4.26, quoting (in the Life of Crantor) Euripides fr.300.
[4] Sophocles, Trachiniae 1231-1232 (where the second word should be to/). See web address 3.

Catharine Roth (added links, set status) on 15 June 2005@22:49:58.
David Whitehead (augmented n.2; added note number and other cosmetics) on 16 June 2005@02:54:26.
David Whitehead on 7 August 2013@05:20:29.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 22 March 2021@23:12:34.

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