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Headword:
A
a
Adler number: alpha,1
Translated headword: ah! ah!
Vetting Status: high
Translation: In
Aristophanes an adverb accompanying surprise and command. "Ah! ah! Don't get that torch near me!"[1]
'Ah! ah!' must be read separately, not elided; and they both have smooth breathing.[2]. For if they were read together as one word, there would be no need of two accent marks.[3] "Ah" marks surprise, but "ha ha" is for awe, as
Agathias says in the
Epigrams: "ha, a very daring wax it was that formed..."[4]
Aab.[5]
#
Notes:
[1]
Aristophanes,
Plutus [
Wealth] 1052 (web address 1). The first sentence is derived from
scholia to this passage, and this may also be true of the rest of the entry.
[2] That is, it is "ah! ah!", not "ha! ha!" A difference registered in Greek by the orientation of a small breathing mark that is easily reversed in transcription, especially since by the time the Suda was compiled the initial 'h' had ceased to be pronounced.
[3] i.e.
a)\ a)/ is two words,
a)a/ would be one.
[4]
Greek Anthology 1.34.2; again (with slight variations) at
mu 389 and
sigma 664.
[5] This gloss-less addendum is actually a separate entry that occurs only in ms S. (In Adler's numbering system this is designated
alpha 1b, while the main entry is
alpha 1a.) Apparently this is a reference to the Hebrew month of Av, attested with this Greek spelling only in Joannes Lydus,
De mensibus 3.22.
Web address 1
Keywords: chronology; comedy; dialects, grammar, and etymology; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 9 November 1999@09:47:43.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Aages
Adler number: alpha,2
Translated headword: unbroken, unbreakable
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning something] unshattered,[1] strong.
Greek Original:Aages: athrauston, ischuron.
Notes:
= Apollonius Sophistes,
Lexicon Homericum 2.4. Likewise in
Hesychius alpha7;
Photius,
Lexicon alpha4 Theodoridis;
Etymologicum Gudianum 1.12. This form of the adjective is the neuter nominative singular, as at
Homer,
Odyssey 11.575 (web address 1).
All but the last word of this entry is absent from ms M (=
Marcianus 448), as are the last several words of
alpha 1 (a and b).
[1] cf.
alpha 750.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 20 August 1998@17:55:22.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Aaptos
Adler number: alpha,5
Translated headword: irresistable, invulnerable
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning someone/something] unharmed.
Herodianus[1] says about
a)/aptos that it comes from
i)a/ptw ['I harm'], and after adding alpha-privative and dropping the 'i' [it becomes]
a)/aptos, "whom no one can harm." Or perhaps the 'a' is not to be taken as negative but as intensifying, so it would be "one who has great power to harm." Thus the first has a passive sense, the second an active. With the negative prefix it also means "one who is untouched."[2]
Aaptos: ablabês. Hêrôdianos phêsi peri tou aaptos, hoti gignetai apo tou iaptô to blaptô, kai meta tou sterêtikou a kai kat' elleipsin tou i aaptos, hon oudeis dunatai blapsai. ê ouchi kata sterêsin eklêpteon to a, alla kat' epitasin, hin' êi ho megala dunamenos blaptein. hôste to men prôton dêloi pathos, to de deuteron energeian. legetai de kai aaptos kata sterêsin ho apsaustos.
Notes:
This form of the headword, the nominative singular masculine/feminine, is unattested outside lexicography; however, plural forms occur frequently in hexameter poetry, in the formula
xei=res a)/aptoi or
xei=ras a)a/ptous (usually interpreted as 'irresistable hands'); e.g.
Homer,
Iliad 8.450 (web address 1).
[1] The etymological comments that follow occur only in mss G (= Parisinus 2623) and T (= Vaticanus 881); cf.
Herodianus 3.2.30.
[2] This etymology, alpha-privative +
a(/ptomai ('touch'), is the one most commonly accepted nowadays. See LSJ s.v. (web address 2) and Schwyzer,
DGE. Yet there is reason for doubt, and the correct Homeric form (attested already by
Aristophanes of
Byzantium) may actually be
a)ept-. See Chantraine s.v.
a)/aptos.
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:48:12.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Aaschetos
Adler number: alpha,9
Translated headword: irresistible
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Something someone/something] uncontrollable.[1]
Greek Original:Aaschetos: akratêtos.
Notes:
A word from epic poetry, e.g.
Homer,
Iliad 5.892 (web address 1), with metrical reduplication of the initial alpha (cf. LSJ s.v.
a)/sxetos at web address 2). The headword and the gloss are both masculine/feminine nominative singular.
[1] A related but not identical word (
a)katakra/thton) is used to gloss the neuter form of the headword at
Etymologicum Magnum 1.32.
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; meter and music; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:55:57.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abakêsan
Adler number: alpha,11
Translated headword: they kept quiet
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] they were unaware, they did not understand.
Greek Original:Abakêsan: êgnoêsan, êsunetêsan.
Note:
The headword is the third person plural, aorist indicative active, of
a)bake/w. This form is found only in
Homer,
Odyssey 4.249 (web address 1), and the many lexicographical notices generated by it. Of those the most similar to this entry are
Photius,
Lexicon alpha22 Theodoridis, and
Etymologicum Magnum 2.30-31. Compare also Apollonius Sophistes,
Homeric Lexicon 2.16;
Hesychius alpha54. The glosses offered here and elsewhere probably represent semantic extrapolation from the Homeric context: When Odysseus comes in disguise to
Troy, Helen knows who he is but the rest of the people in
Troy a)ba/khsan. The translation of the headword, on the other hand, reflects the verb's probable etymological connection with the verb
ba/zw 'speak', and the adjective
a)bakh/s ('speechless', 'tranquil'). Cf. Chantraine s.v.
a)bakh/s, a connection that is sometimes mentioned as a possibility in the ancient scholarship.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@16:58:43.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abale
Adler number: alpha,13
Translated headword: would that
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] o that.[1] "Would that [...]."[2]
Greek Original:Abale: eithe abale.
Notes:
For the headword see LSJ s.v.
a)/bale (web address 1). The entry =
Photius,
Lexicon alpha26 Theodoridis, and, with the exception of the repetition of the headword within the entry (see note 2), also
Synagoge alpha1 (
Lexica Segueriana 3.10),
Hesychius (s.v.
a)/ ba/le, alpha60) and Apollonius Sophistes,
Homeric Lexicon 2.15. The word does not occur in the extant text of
Homer, but there are other literary attestations including
Callimachus fr. 619 Pfeiffer, and
Greek Anthology 7.583.1 (
Agathias Scholasticus).
cf. generally
alpha 14.
[1] For more on
ei)/qe see
epsiloniota 55.
[2] Apparently the beginning of a quotation, perhaps from one of the works mentioned above; otherwise the repetition of the headword is hard to explain. See Theodoridis' note.
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; poetry
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:45:11.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abaxi
Adler number: alpha,16
Translated headword: planks, abacuses
Vetting Status: high
Translation: What we call a)ba/kia.[1] The Lawmaker [says] in the Martyrdom of Saint Thecla: "Tryphaina was overcome by suffering, and was seen lying like the dead on the slabs."[2] So he says.
Greek Original:Abaxi: tois par' hêmin legomenois abakiois. ho Logothetês en tôi tês hagias Theklês marturiôi: Truphaina de pathei lêphtheisa nekrois homoia pros tois abaxin hôrato keimenê. houtô phêsin.
Notes:
This entry occurs after
alpha 17 in ms A (= Parisinus 2625), after
alpha 9 in ms S (= Vaticanus 1296) and in the margin of ms D (Bodleianus Auct. V 52).
[1] The given form is a dative plural of
a)/bac, ("abacus"), and the lexicographer explains it by reference to the diminutive
a)ba/kion. The primary sense is a table topped by a slab, or the slab itself; a "calculator" is a secondary meaning.
[2] Symeon Metaphrastes (also known as the Logothete ('Lawmaker'))
Patrologia Graeca 115.837c. On Thecla, cf.
tau 1108.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:53:59.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abaptos
Adler number: alpha,17
Translated headword: untempered
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] most/very unsharpened.[1]
Also [sc. attested is the superlative] a)bapto/tatos.[2]
Greek Original:Abaptos: astomôtatos. kai Abaptotatos.
Notes:
The headword is unattested outside lexicography.
[1] Similar glossing in other lexica (references at
Photius alpha28 Theodoridis), except that the original form of the gloss, in Cyril, seems simply to be
a)sto/mwtos ('unsharpened'), not this superlative of a different but potentially synonymous adjective
a)/stomos. Cyril's reading has been adopted in Latte's text of
Hesychius and Theodoridis' of
Photius.
[2] Only in ms A (= Parisinus 2625). This superlative form of the headword is attested only here.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 22 August 1998@12:54:56.
Vetted by:
Headword:
Abaris
Adler number: alpha,18
Translated headword: Abaris, Avars
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Scythian, son of Seuthes. He wrote the so-called Scythinian Oracles[1] and Marriage of the river Hebros and Purifications and a Theogony in prose and Arrival of Apollo among the Hyperboreans in meter. He came from Scythia to Greece.
The legendary arrow belongs to him, the one he flew on from Greece to Hyperborean Scythia. It was given to him by Apollo.[2]
Gregory the Theologian mentioned this man in his Epitaphios for Basil the Great.[3]
They say[4] that once, when there was a plague throughout the entire inhabited world, Apollo told the Greeks and barbarians who had come to consult his oracle that the Athenian people should make prayers on behalf of all of them. So, many peoples sent ambassadors to them, and Abaris, they say, came as ambassador of the Hyperboreans in the third Olympiad.[5]
[Note] that the Bulgarians thoroughly destroyed the Avars[6] by force.
[Note] that these Avars drove out the Sabinorians, when they themselves had been expelled by peoples living near the shore of the Ocean, who left their own land when a mist formed in the flood of the Ocean and a crowd of griffins appeared; the story was that they would not stop until they had devoured the race of men. So the people driven away by these monsters invaded their neighbors. As the invaders were stronger, the others submitted and left, just as the Saragurians, when they were driven out, went to the Akatziri Huns.[7]
The declension is Abaris, Abaridos [genitive singular], Abaridas [accusative plural], and with apocope Abaris [nominative plural].
See about these things under 'Bulgarians'.[8]
Greek Original:Abaris: Skuthês, Seuthou huios. sunegrapsato de chrêsmous tous kaloumenous Skuthinous kai Gamon Hebrou tou potamou kai Katharmous kai Theogonian katalogadên kai Apollônos aphixin eis Huperboreous emmetrôs. hêke de ek Skuthôn eis Hellada. toutou ho muthologoumenos oïstos, tou petomenou apo tês Hellados mechri tôn Huperboreôn Skuthôn: edothê de autôi para tou Apollônos. toutou kai Grêgorios ho Theologos en tôi eis ton megan Basileion Epitaphiôi mnêmên pepoiêtai. phasi de hoti loimou kata pasan tên oikoumenên gegonotos aneilen ho Apollôn manteuomenois Hellêsi kai barbarois ton Athênaiôn dêmon huper pantôn euchas poiêsasthai. presbeuomenôn de pollôn ethnôn pros autous, kai Abarin ex Huperboreôn presbeutên aphikesthai legousi kata tên g# Olumpiada. hoti tous Abaris hoi Boulgaroi kata kratos ardên êphanisan. hoti hoi Abaris houtoi exêlasan Sabinôras, metanastai genomenoi hupo ethnôn oikountôn men tên parôkeanitin aktên, tên de chôran apolipontôn dia to ex anachuseôs tou Ôkeanou homichlôdes ginomenon, kai grupôn de plêthos anaphanen: hoper ên logos mê proteron pausasthai prin ê boran poiêsai to tôn anthrôpôn genos. dio dê hupo tônde elaunomenoi tôn deinôn tois plêsiochôrois eneballon: kai tôn epiontôn dunatôterôn ontôn hoi tên ephodon huphistamenoi metanistanto, hôsper kai hoi Saragouroi elathentes pros tois Akatirois Ounnois egenonto. klinetai de Abaris, Abaridos, tous Abaridas, kai kata apokopên Abaris. zêtei peri tôn autôn en tôi Boulgaroi.
Notes:
See generally A.H. Griffiths in OCD(4) p.1: "legendary devotee of Apollo from the far north, a shamanistic missionary and saviour-figure like
Aristeas [
alpha 3900]". Adler credits this part of the entry to the
Epitome Onomatologi Hesychii Milesii.
[1] Or in one manuscript, 'Skythian'.
[2] Perhaps from a scholion on the passage about to be cited (so Adler). Cf.
Herodotos 4.36.1 (web address 1).
[3] Gregory of Nazianzus PG 36.524b.
[4] This material is from Harpokration s.v.
*)/abaris
[5] 768-765 BCE. Harpokration (see preceding note) cites Hippostratos (FGrH 568 F4) to this effect, but adds that there were later alternatives: the twenty-first Olympiad (696-693) or "the time of Croesus, king of
Lydia" (so
Pindar, fr.270 Snell-Maehler), i.e. c.560-546.
[6] The word used for the Avars here,
*)aba/ris, is a homograph for the name of the Hyperborean wise man Abaris, so this separate section on the Avars is included in this entry. There is no indication that the lexicographer sees any connection between the two topics.
[7]
Priscus fr.30 FHG (4.104), still 30 Bornmann. The final part reappears at
alpha 820 and
sigma 111.
[8]
beta 423.
RE Abaris (1) I.16-17
Macartney, C.A. "On the Greek Sources for the History of the Turks in the Sixth Century." BSOAS 11 (1944): 266-275
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; Christianity; dialects, grammar, and etymology; geography; historiography; history; mythology; philosophy; poetry; religion; rhetoric
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 21 August 1998@17:03:41.
Vetted by:William Hutton (Modified translation and notes, added keywords, set status.) on 19 January 2001@14:57:43.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and bibliography; cosmetics) on 9 February 2001@05:20:43.
David Whitehead (added note) on 14 February 2001@06:09:48.
Mihai Olteanu (The only thracian item concerning Abaris is his father's name. Everything else pledes for his sythian ('hyperborean') origin. This is why I suppose we deal here with a copist mistake, and I propose the emendation: ́Αβαρις: Σκύθης, *Σκύθου υἱός (for Σκύθης as mythological character, see for example Herodotos 4,10).) on 22 January 2002@21:55:20.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 23 January 2002@03:11:25.
David Whitehead (augmented n.6 and added a keyword) on 5 October 2004@03:21:13.
William Hutton (augmented notes, added link and keywords, set status) on 24 August 2007@11:05:00.
Jennifer Benedict (cosmeticule) on 25 March 2008@00:16:43.
David Whitehead (another note; cosmetics) on 28 March 2014@06:23:27.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 29 July 2014@12:06:21.
David Whitehead (updated a ref) on 31 January 2015@09:22:24.
Headword:
Abdelukta
Adler number: alpha,25
Translated headword: unhateful [things]
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [Meaning] those which do not cause pollution, at which one would not feel disgust or hatred. The word [is] somewhat tragic.[1]
Aeschylus in
Myrmidons [writes]: "indeed, for I love them, they are unhateful to me."[2]
Abdelukta: ta mê miainonta, ha ouk an tis bdeluchtheiê kai duscheraneie. tragikôtera de hê lexis. Aischulos Murmidosi: kai mên, philô gar, abdelukt' emoi tade.
Notes:
The headword, presumably extracted from the quotation given, is neuter plural of this adjective.
cf. generally (by way of opposites)
beta 197,
beta 198,
beta 199,
beta 200,
beta 201, etc.
=
Photius,
Lexicon alpha33 Theodoridis (
Phrynichus,
Praeparatio Sophistica fr. 40), and very similar to
Synagoge (Codex B) alpha12; cf.
Hesychius alpha94.
[1] cf.
tau 659.
[2]
Aeschylus fr. 137 Nauck.
Translated by: Anne Mahoney on 23 August 1998@16:23:12.
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