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Headword: Tekmêrion
Adler number: tau,245
Translated headword: proof
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning a] true sign.[1] Or something irrefutable. And 'probative demonstration' describes finding and understanding fire on the basis of smoke.[2] And if the effect always follows the cause, this is called 'proof'. Certainly, if [it] did not always follow [the cause], it would be called 'sign', not 'proof', insofar as it is not irrefutable. For example, [a woman] is pale-yellow, because [she] has given birth.[3]
And elsewhere: "one might have proved that Theodora was a daemon with a human shape if one had measured the magnitude of evils that she committed against men. For the power of the perpetrator also becomes manifest in the excessiveness of the deeds."[4]
And Damascius says elsewhere: "[Isidore] set down distinctive terms and criteria for divine elements with regard to the differentiation from human [elements]: above all the efficacy of industriousness, and of a keen intellect’s judgment in avoiding public and habitual conformity with the multitude, and of love itself, excited for the enjoyment of intellectual beauty."[5]
"He was very fearful, since he recognized [Trajan's] impulse, and that he gave evidence of his threats with his deeds."[6]
Greek Original:
Tekmêrion: alêthinon sêmeion. ê to aluton. kai Tekmêriôdês apodeixis legetai to ek tou kapnou to pur heurein kai katanoêsai. kai an men pantôs hepêtai to aitiaton tôi aitiôi, tekmêrion touto legetai: an dê mê pantôs hepoito, sêmeion an legoito, tekmêrion de ouketi: dioti mêde aluton estin. hoion hôs to ôchra estin, epeidê tetoke. kai authis: hoti de daimôn ên anthrôpomorphos hê Theodôra, tekmêriôsaito an tis tôi megethei stathmômenos, hôn es tous anthrôpous kakôn edrasen. en gar tôi huperballonti tôn pepragmenôn kai hê tou dedrakotos dunamis endêlos ginetai. kai authis phêsi Damaskios: horous de etitheto kai tekmêria tôn theiôn aphôrismena stoicheiôn pros tên tôn anthrôpeiôn diakrisin: tês men philoponias to anusimon huper panta logon, tês de eusunetou gnômês to existamenon tês emphanous kai sunêthous tois pollois akolouthias, tou de erôtos autou to parêrethismenon eis tên tou noêtou kallous apo- lausin. ho de katedeisen, epeidê egnô tên hormên autou, kai hoti tois ergois tas apeilas etekmêriou.
Notes:
[1] Likewise or similarly in other lexica; references at Photius tau118 Theodoridis.
[2] The distinction between 'proof' and 'sign' is Aristotle's (see Rhetoric 1357b1-20). A similar distinction regarding signs can be found in Sextus Empiricus (Outlines of Pyrrhonism 2.100; 102: when one sees smoke, one has a sign that there was fire). The claim that a sign is refutable and a proof irrefutable belongs to Aristotle, who regards proof as being a species of the genus 'sign': "among signs, one [kind of sign] is like the particular with regard to the universal; for example, if one said that there is a sign that the wise are just. For Socrates was wise and just. Certainly, this is a sign, but it is refutable, even though what was said is true. For it is not deductively conclusive. By contrast, this [sign] is necessary: if one said that there is a sign that [this person] is sick for he has fever, or [that there is a sign] that [this woman] has given birth because she has milk. Among the signs, just this is a proof, for it is the only one that it is irrefutable" (Rhetoric 1357b10-17).
[3] John Philoponus, Commentary on Aristotle's de anima 31.16-20 Hayduck; cf. alpha 3289.
[4] Procopius, Secret History 18.1-2.
[5] Damascius, Life of Isidore fr. 74 Zintzen (32 Asmus); cf. omicron 644.
[6] Cassius Dio 68.17.2.
Keywords: biography; definition; ethics; gender and sexuality; historiography; medicine; philosophy; religion; rhetoric; women
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 6 January 2007@12:02:20.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation; added notes, cross-references, and keywords) on 6 January 2007@13:08:14.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 7 January 2007@04:38:47.
David Whitehead (augmented notes; tweaks and cosmetics; raised status) on 7 January 2014@09:34:15.
David Whitehead on 28 August 2014@11:18:53.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 28 August 2014@22:12:43.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 12 February 2021@01:02:54.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation in conformity with omicron 644) on 15 February 2021@00:24:40.

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