Language: English verbs Author: Raphael Finkel & Greg Stump © 2/2012 Notes: English verb + auxiliary combinations Uses features of PFM not yet implemented (marked *) The purpose is to experiment with PFM syntax and semantics, not to provide a cogent explanation of these forms. ParadigmSchema(V) = { sentence past/present/future sg/pl 1/2/3 nonperfect/perfect nonprogressive/progressive } Paradigm Function % * multiple paradigm functions PF() = Pron() PF(); otherwise, PF() = wɪl PF(); otherwise, PF() = Main(Stem()) PF(); otherwise, PF() = Main(Stem() PF(); otherwise, PF() = Main(Stem()). %{infinitive}, {past_participle}, {present_participle}, and instances of {past/present/future sg/pl 1/2/3} are all mutually exclusive. %{infinitive} can coincide with instances of {nonperfect/perfect nonprogressive/progressive}. %{past_participle} can coincide with instances of {nonprogressive/progressive} but not with instances of {nonperfect/perfect}. %{present_participle} cannot coincide with instances of either {nonprogressive/progressive} or {nonperfect/perfect}. Stem() = it % missing pair -> second component is unchanged. Stem() = eɪt Stem() = si Stem() = sɔ Stem() = klaɪm Stem() = sɪŋ Stem() = sæŋ Stem() = sʌŋ Stem() = min Stem() = mɛn Stem() = bi Stem() = bɪn Stem() = wʌz % Stem() = Stem() % * Stem() = wɝ Stem() = hæv Stem() = hæ Stem() = hæ Rules of exponence Block Pron Pron, XV, S:{1 sg} → aɪ Pron, XV, S:{2} → ju Pron, XV, S:{3 sg} → hi Pron, XV, S:{1 pl} → wi Pron, XV, S:{3 pl} → ðeɪ Block Main Main, XV[],S:{3 sg present} → Xz Main, XV[weak],S:{past} → Xd Main, XV[],S:{past_participle} → (Main(Stem())) Main, XV[t],S:{past} → Xt Main, XV[n],S:{past_participle} → Xən Main, XV[],S:{present_participle} → Xɪŋ Sandhi { X:[voiceless]z → Xs } Lexical entries Lexeme: EAT Meaning: eat Syntactic category: V Inflection class: n Lexeme: SEE Meaning: see Syntactic category: V Inflection class: n Lexeme: CLIMB Meaning: climb Syntactic category: V Inflection class: weak Lexeme: SING Meaning: sing Syntactic category: V Inflection class: strong Lexeme: MEAN Meaning: mean Syntactic category: V Inflection class: t Lexeme: BE Meaning: be Syntactic category: V Inflection class: be Lexeme: HAVE Meaning: have Syntactic category: V Inflection class: weak