/* vim:filetype=KATR keymap=shughni tw=10000 delcombine nospell: In KATR Shughni morphology. Authors: Gregory Stump Raphael Finkel Andrew Hippisley Date: started 7/2008 Copyright © Raphael Finkel 2009 raphael@cs.uky.edu This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . Verbs in class "short" do not use an enclitic in 3 sg !present middle. */ #hideInternal . #vars $tense: present past perfect pluperfect future . #vars $nonPast: present future . #vars $somePast: past perfect pluperfect . #vars $number: sg pl . #vars $person: 1 2 3 . #vars $gender: masc fem . #vars $voice: active middle passive . #vars $sign: positive negative . #vars $letter: a e k t c ā ê l θ č b ž m u š w z n ū ɣ v ʒ o ů ɣ̌ g i p f q d ī r x ǰ ð y s x̌ h . #vars $vowel: a e ā ê u ū o i ī . #vars $voiced: b ž z ɣ ɣ̌ v ʒ g d ǰ ð y a e ā ê u ū ů o i ī . % (obstruents and vowels) used in sandhi /* pronuciation key (into IPA), omitting obvious letters (k, t, l, b, m, z, p, f, d, s, h, w, n, v, g) a [ɑ] e [ɪ] c [ʦ] ā [aː] ê [ɛ] θ [θ] č [tʃ] ž [ʒ] u [ɔ] š [ʃ] ū [u] ɣ [ʁ] ɣ̌ [ɣ] ʒ [ʣ] o [o] ů [ʉ] i [ə] (unstressed) [ɨ] (stressed) q [q] ī [i] r [ɹ] (at least sometimes) x [χ] x̌ [x] ǰ [ʤ] ð [ð] y [j] */ /* { vocabulary See: % class A = w i n = w ī n <> = Verb: . Knit: % class A {stemPresent} = w ā f {stemPresent 3 sg} = w o f = w ī f <> = Verb: . SitDown: % class M {stemPresent} = n i θ {stemInfinitive} == n i s {stemPast masc sg} = n ū s {stemPast} = n o s % The following are more modern forms (Gulnoro) {stemPerfect} = n ī s {stemPerfect masc sg} = n ū s % end of modern forms (Gulnoro) <> = Verb: . Seat: % class A {stemPresent} = n ê ð {markerPerfect} = č <> = Verb: . Steal: % class A = c i f <> = Verb: . Gather: % pick up, gather; class A = c ê v <> = Verb: . Break: % a filament; class M {stemPast} = z i d u x̌ {stemPast fem sg 3} = z i d a x̌ {stemInfinitive} = z i d i x̌ {stemPresent} = z i d e r ð {markerPerfect} = č <> = Verb: . BeExausted: % a filament; class M {stemPast} = z i d a x̌ {stemPast masc} = z i d u x̌ {stemInfinitive} = z i d i x̌ {stemPresent} = z i d e r ð {markerPerfect} = č <> = Verb: . Eat: {stemInfinitive} = x i d {stemPresent} = x ā r {stemPresent 3 sg} = x i r {stemPast} = x ū d {stemPerfect} = x ū ɣ <> = Verb: . Speak: = l ů v {stemPast} = l ů d {stemPerfect} = l ů v <> = Verb: . Be: {stemPresent} = v ā r {stemPresent sg 3} = v i r {stemPast} = v a d {stemPast masc sg} = v u d {stemPerfect masc sg} = v u ð % Mavluda {stemPerfect} = v i c {stemInfinitive} = v i d {markerPerfect} = č % {present} = ! % Mavluda says that there is a present <> = Verb: . % #hide See SitDown Seat Steal Gather Break Eat Speak Be . % #hide See Steal Gather Break Eat Speak . % vocabulary } /* */ #hide Verb Enclitic Pronoun DirectObject . DirectObject: % {active} = wam , vāx̌ ,% the rope % {active} = wi , vorǰ , % the horse {active} = [ wam , x̌itur ] , % the camel {middle} = . Verb: {!intransitive middle ++} = ! {!transitive active ++} = ! {!transitive passive ++} = ! {imperative} == DirectObject Negator "" ImperativeSuffix {present} = Pronoun , DirectObject "" Enclitic {future} = Pronoun , t a , DirectObject "" Enclitic {passive} = ! % no passive but the past, and even that seems uncertain. {past} = Pronoun Enclitic , DirectObject "" - t {perfect active} = Pronoun Enclitic , DirectObject "" - "" {perfect middle} = Pronoun Enclitic , "" - "" {pluperfect active} = Pronoun Enclitic , DirectObject "" - "" - a t {pluperfect middle} = Pronoun Enclitic , "" - "" - a t {markerPerfect short} = c {markerPerfect} = č {markerPerfect masc sg} = č {infinitive} = "" - t o w {stemPast} == "" {stemPerfect} == "" {stemInfinitive} == "" {stemPluperfect} == "" {stemImperative} == "" . Enclitic: {1 sg} == - u m {2 sg $nonPast} == - i {3 sg $nonPast} == - t {2 sg } == - a t {3 sg } == - i {3 sg $somePast middle short} == {1 pl} == - ā m % Muqbil. Others have - a m {2 pl} == - e t {3 pl} == - e n . Pronoun: {1 sg} == w u z {2 sg} == t u {3 sg masc} == y u {3 sg fem} == y ā {1 pl} == m ā š {2 pl} == t a m a {3 pl} == w ā ð . Negator: % for imperatives; for indicatives, it's "na" before the verb. {negative} = m ā , <> = . ImperativeSuffix: {pl} = - e t {} = . #show . #show <$voice :: imperative :: $sign :: $number> . #show <$voice :: $tense :: $number :: $person :: $gender> . #sandhi i - a => i - . % example? % #sandhi $vowel $vowel => $1 y $2 . % #sandhi a - $vowel => a - w $1 . % sa-um => sa-wum #sandhi $vowel - $vowel => $1 - y $2 . #sandhi $voiced - t => $1 - d . #sandhi $voiced - č => $1 - ǰ . #sandhi $voiced - c => $1 - ʒ . % #sandhi ī v - ǰ => ī v - ʒ . % wirīvʒ #sandhi t - t => t . % yat-t => yat #sandhi c - č => c . % pic-č => pic % #sandhi + => . #sandhi d - d => d - . #sandhi d - t => d - . #sandhi v - u => - . #alternative t u - y a t => t u - t . % tu-yat => tu-t #alternative i - y u m => ī - m. % pi-yum => pīm % #alternative $letter* a - w u m => $1 ā - m. % sa-wum => sām #alternative $letter ā r$ => $1 a . % vār => va (Gulnoro) % #alternative $letter ā r - e t => $1 e t . % vār-et => vet #vars $weakConsonant: w r y . #vars $strongVowel: ā a i . % note: we may need to separate the following rules to force saw-um => sām #alternative $letter* $strongVowel $weakConsonant - u $letter => $1 $2 $4 . % sāw-um => sām #alternative $letter* $strongVowel $weakConsonant - e $letter => $1 e $4 . % sāw-et => set #alternative $letter* $strongVowel - y e $letter => $1 - e $3 . % rimi-yet => rim-et % Go: % = s a w % {stemPresent sg 3} = s ů d % {stemImperative sg} = s a % {stemPast masc sg} = s u % {stemPast} = s a % {stemInfinitive} = s i % {stemPerfect} = s i % {stemPerfect masc sg} = s u ð % <> = Verb: % . % % Speak: % = l ů v % {stemPast} = l ů % {stemPerfect} = l ů v % <> = Verb: % .