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Headword: *farmako/s
Adler number: phi,105
Translated headword: Pharmakos, scapegoat
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
A proper name. Lysias says it.[1] They used to pick out two men at Athens to be purifiers of the city during the Thargelia [festival], one representing the men, one the women. That Pharmakos is [also] a proper name is clear: for he stole the sacred bowls of Apollo, was convicted, and was stoned to death by Achilles and his men -- events which what happens at the Thargelia are meant to imitate.[2] Istros tells the story.[3] When Demosthenes in the [speech] Against Aristogeiton says "so this is the man, the scapegoat, who will beg him off",[4] Didymus reckons that the word has a circumflex accent on the penultimate syllable.[5] But for our part we cannot find this usage anywhere.
Demosthenes [sc. in the second speech] Against Stephanos said "being drugged".[6] Someone "being drugged" has been harmfully affected by drugs, as Theophrastus indicates in [book] 15 of Laws.[7]
Greek Original:
*farmako/s: o)/noma ku/rion. *lusi/as fhsi/. du/o a)/ndras *)aqh/nhsin e)ch=gon kaqa/rsia e)some/nous th=s po/lews e)n toi=s *qarghli/ois, e(/na me\n u(pe\r tw=n a)ndrw=n, e(/na de\ u(pe\r tw=n gunaikw=n. o(/ti de\ o)/noma ku/rio/n e)stin o( *farmako/s, dh=lon: i(era\s ga\r fia/las tou= *)apo/llwnos kle/yas kai\ a(lou\s u(po\ tw=n peri\ to\n *)axille/a kateleu/sqh: kai\ ta\ toi=s *qarghli/ois a)go/mena tou/twn a)potmh/mata/ e)stin. *)/istros i(storei=. *dhmosqe/nous de\ e)n tw=| kata\ *)aristogei/tonos le/gontos, ou(=tos ou)=n au)to\n e)cairh/setai o( farmako/s: *di/dumos properispa=n a)cioi= tou)/noma. a)ll' h(mei=s ou)x eu(/romen ou(/tw pou th\n xrh=sin. *farma/konta de\ *dhmosqe/nhs kata\ *stefa/nou e)/fh. e)/sti de\ farma/kwn o( u(po\ farma/kwn beblamme/nos: w(s kai\ *qeo/frastos e)n ie# *no/mw| u(poshmai/nei.
Notes:
From Harpokration s.v. -- but here the material is unhelpfully rearranged, producing confusion between the proper name and the technical term. See also phi 104, phi 106.
A second, adjacent entry from Harpokration is added at the end.
[1] [Lysias] 6.53 (web address 1).
[2] Reading a)pomimh/mata (not a)potmh/mata) from Harpok.
[3] Istros FGrH 334 F50.
[4] Demosthenes 25.80 (web address 2)
[5] Didymus p.314 Schmidt. According to Herodian the Grammarian (De prosodia catholica 1.150), in the sense of "scapegoat" the word is accented on the last syllable, but in the sense of "sorcerer" it is accented on the first syllable. The alpha is long in Hipponax and Callimachus, short in Aristophanes. See also epsilon 1925.
[6] Demosthenes 46.16 (web address 3), on one of the circumstances which, under Athenian law, could invalidate a will.
[7] Theophrastus fr.11 Szegedy-Maszak.
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3
Keywords: aetiology; biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; historiography; law; medicine; mythology; philosophy; religion; rhetoric; women
Translated by: David Whitehead on 22 December 2000@03:55:44.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (added keywords) on 6 September 2002@12:54:42.
Catharine Roth (added links, set status) on 14 June 2004@23:13:43.
David Whitehead (more kewyords) on 17 August 2007@03:26:36.
Catharine Roth (augmented note) on 17 August 2007@16:07:20.
David Whitehead (tweaks and cosmetics) on 13 July 2011@09:59:51.
Catharine Roth (fixed links, added cross-references) on 31 August 2011@11:40:51.
Catharine Roth (corrected my cross-references) on 31 August 2011@11:50:26.

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