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Headword:
Logos
Adler number: lambda,658
Translated headword: discourse; language
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Discourse is a meaningful uttered sound[1] deriving from thought. It has 6 meanings. Expression and discourse are different; for an expression can be meaningless, like
bli/turi,[2] while discourse can in no way be meaningless. Saying, too, differs from uttering; for sounds are uttered but states of affairs (
pra/gmata), which indeed are sayables, are spoken of.[3] The best characteristics of discourse [are] 5: Hellenism, clarity, brevity, propriety, consistency.[4]
The hypothesis is a
logos too.
Aristophanes [writes]: "provide
Euripides with a plot, and it becomes a tragedy".[5]
Search for
Chrysippus' "abominable discourses" in the "
Chrysippus" [entry].[6]
Logos: logos esti phônê sêmantikê apo dianoias ekpempomenê. logos de sêmainei #2#. diapherei de lexis kai logos: lexis men gar asêmos ginetai hôs blituri, logos de oudamôs. diapherei de kai to legein tou propheresthai: propherontai men gar hai phônai, legetai de ta pragmata, ha dê kai lekta tunchanei. aretai de tou logou e#: Hellênismos, saphêneia, suntomia, prepon, aposkeuê. Logos kai hê hupothesis. Aristophanês: Euripidêi logon paraschêis, kai tragôidia genêi. zêtei logous aporrêtous Chrusippou en tôi Chrusippos.
Notes:
From
Diogenes Laertius 7.56-59, with addenda.
[1] This definition is Aristotelian (
On Interpretation 16b26).
[2] cf.
beta 335.
[3] These lines reproduce Diog.Laert. 7.57 in a slightly different way and their content is Stoic.
[4] See Diog.Laert. 7.59 (=
SVF 3.24). By "Hellenism" is meant the use of good Greek style and diction which is in accordance with grammar; clarity is an expression (
le/cis) easily understandable; brevity is a speech which includes no more words than are necessary for the sake of clarification of the thing under discussion; propriety is a speech which is appropriate to the thing under discussion. With regard to the last type of excellence of discourse, there must be a mistake in the Suda text. The Diog.Laert. passage reads
kataskeuh/, "correct style" or "elaboration", which has the right sense. In fact,
a)poskeuh/ ("filth" or "ordure") does not fit the meaning of a specific excellence of discourse unless it is taken with its meaning of "stuff, things that fill in". On these "best qualities of discourse", see Atherton (1993) 89-92.
[5]
Aristophanes,
Peace 146-147, with comment from the
scholia there. "Plot" is the conventional translation of
logos in dramatic contexts, i.e. the main story in the narrative or drama.
[6]
chi 569.
C. Atherton, The Stoics on Ambiguity (Cambridge 1993)
B. Mates, Stoic Logic (Berkeley & Los Angeles 1961)
M. Mignucci, Il significato della logica stoica (Bologna 1967)
Keywords: biography; comedy; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; philosophy; proverbs; rhetoric; tragedy
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 15 December 1999@08:48:49.
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