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Headword: Lêros
Adler number: lambda,470
Translated headword: dementia, delirium
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Note] that the mind in old age, taken over by dementia, does not take on suffering in itself — something which might allow it to be considered corruptible and mortal. With the organ mutated, and incapable out of unfitness to receive energy from the mind, it [merely] seems that the suffering of the organ is also the suffering of the mind animating it. For when the eye goes bleary, or is rendered unfit from old age, the sense [of sight] remains no less active; but the sensory organ becomes either passive, or totally useless and idle. And the reason why the sensory organ and the sensory capacity are not corrupted together is that the sensory capacity does not have its existence in this body, but in the spirit. So too when old peoples' eyes are weakened by time, with their membranes becoming thicker, wrinkly in a way, and not as transparent, and moreover when the fluids inside are made drier by time, congealed, and unable to transport the sensations of perceptions through the optic nerve — that is when it happens that old people see less well.[1] Also in reference to the demented it is not the mind that is demented; the organ's change for the worse and unfitness is what suffers, and produces [dementia] in the demented — not only in old age, but even in youth, when the body is taken over by certain brain-inflaming or lethargic illnesses. Or: that intense damage to the mind is called derangement; moderate damage is called delirium; and subdued damage is called raving.[2]
But liros [is] someone impudent; from "looking a lot" (lian oran); it is spelled with an iota.[3]
Greek Original:
Lêros: hoti ho nous en tôi gêrai lêrois katalêphtheis ouk autos eis heauton to pathos anedexato, hina kai phthartos kai thnêtos nomisthêi: tou de organou alloiôthentos kai tên apo tou nou energeian di' anepitêdeiotêta mê dunamenou dexasthai, to pathos tou organou pathos edoxen einai kai tou kinountos auto nou. kai gar tou ommatos lêmôntos ê kai tôi gêrai pros anepitêdeiotêta metabalontos, hê men aisthêsis ouden hêtton menei apathês: to de aisthêtêrion empathes ê holôs achrêston ginetai kai argon. to de aition tou mê sundiaphtheiresthai tôi aisthêtêriôi kai tên aisthêtikên dunamin to mêde en toutôi tôi sômati echein to einai tên aisthêtikên dunamin, all' en tôi pneumati. houtô de kai ta tôn gerontôn ommata hupo tou chronou exasthenêsanta kai tôn chitônôn pachuterôn genomenôn kai hoion errutidômenôn kai ouch houtô diaphanôn, eti te kai tôn entos hugrôn xêroterôn hupo tou chronou kai pepêgotôn kai ou dunamenôn ta apo tôn aisthêtôn pathê diaporthmeuein epi to optikon pneuma, sumbainei tous gerontas hêtton horan. kai epi tôn lêrôn ouch ho nous lêrei, all' hê tou organou pros to cheiron metabolê kai anepitêdeiotês paschei te kai tous lêrous empoiei, ouk en tôi gêrai monon, alla kan têi neotêti, nosêmatôn tinôn phrenitikôn ê lêthargikôn to sôma kateilêphotôn. ê hoti hê epitetamenê blabê tou nou paraphrosunê legetai, hê de mesê lêros, hê de hupheimenê paralêros. Liros de ho anaidês: para to lian horan: dia tou i.
Notes:
For this headword see also lambda 469.
[1] From John Philoponus, Commentary on Aristotle's De Anima 161.4-15 and 19-26 Hayduck. The Aristotle passage in question is 408B: "The case of mind is different; it seems to be an independent substance implanted within the soul and to be incapable of being destroyed. If it could be destroyed at all, it would be under the blunting influence of old age. What really happens in respect of mind in old age is, however, exactly parallel to what happens in the case of the sense organs; if the old man could recover the proper kind of eye, he would see just as well as the young man. The incapacity of old age is due to an affection not of the soul but of its vehicle, as occurs in drunkenness or disease. Thus it is that in old age the activity of mind or intellectual apprehension declines only through the decay of some other inward part; mind itself is impassible." (J.A. Smith translation: web address 1)
[2] Otherwise unattested definitions. Ironically, given the pains of the Aristotelian commentator to differentiate damage to the mind from damage to the brain, this definition identifies dementia precisely as damage to the mind.
[3] cf. lambda 596. Common definition in the lexica, and the folk etymology appears in the various Etymologica. By contrast Suetonius, *peri\ blasfhmiw=n 4.84, derives it from li/an r(w= "talk a lot".
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; medicine; philosophy
Translated by: Nick Nicholas on 6 April 2009@21:20:26.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified n.1; another keyword; cosmetics) on 7 April 2009@04:21:13.
David Whitehead (x-refs; tweaking) on 18 April 2013@06:18:41.
David Whitehead (coding) on 16 May 2016@11:26:57.

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