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Headword:
Katêgorêma
Adler number: kappa,1039
Translated headword: predicate
Vetting Status: high
Translation: A predicate is what is asserted of something or a state of affairs associated with some [subject] or some [subjects].[1] For in the topic concerning the states of affairs and significations [2] are placed the explanation regarding the complete sayables, propositions and deductive arguments, and the [explanation] concerning the incomplete [sayables], predicates both active and passive.[3] They say that a sayable[4] is what corresponds to a verbal representation. Of sayables, some are incomplete, such as 'writes', for we ask 'who?' Other [sayables] are complete and contain a finished thought[5], such as 'Socrates writes'. Predicates are placed in the domain of incomplete sayables, but propositions, deductive arguments, questions, and inquiries are placed in the domain of complete [sayables].[6]
Greek Original:Katêgorêma: katêgorêma esti to kata tinos agoreuomenon ê pragma suntakton peri tinos ê tinôn. en gar tôi peri pragmatôn kai sêmainomenôn topôi tetaktai ho peri lektôn autotelôn, axiômatôn kai sullogismôn logos: kai ho peri ellipôn, katêgorêmatôn kai orthôn kai huptiôn. lekteon de phasi to kata phantasian logikên huphistamenon. tôn de lektôn ta men eisin ellipê, hoion graphei, epizêtoumen gar tis; ta de autotelê kai apêrtismenên echonta tên dianoian, hoion graphei ho Sôkratês. en men tois ellipesi lektois tetaktai ta katêgorêmata, en de tois autotelesi ta axiômata kai hoi sullogismoi kai ta erôtêmata kai ta pusmata.
Notes:
The whole entry is taken (with some variations) from
Diogenes Laertius 7.63-64 (web address 1) and reports part of the Stoics' semantic theory.
[1] This definition belongs to the Stoic
Apollodorus (D.L. 7.64). For the translation of pragma by 'state of affairs', see
alpha 2827, note 2.
[2] Or 'what is signified'.
[3] That is to say, predicates expressed by active and passive verbs, respectively (again see
alpha 2827, note 2).
[4] Reading
lekto/n ('sayable', 'what is said') instead of
lekte/on ('it must be said'). In fact, what follows is one of the canonical Stoic definitions of
lekto/n (D.L. 7.63; see also
Sextus Empiricus, PH 2.104), and
lekte/on makes no sense in the context.
[5] Or 'expression' (
e)kfora/), as the D.L. text reads (7.63), which improves the sense.
[6] On the Stoic doctrine of 'sayables', see Atherton 1993 and Frede 1994.
C. Atherton, The Stoics on Ambiguity (Cambridge 1993).
M. Frede, "The Stoic Notion of a lekton", in S. Everson (ed.), Language. Companions to Ancient Thought 3, (Cambridge 1994) 109-128
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; philosophy
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 29 August 2002@01:13:49.
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