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Headword: Gumnasia
Adler number: gamma,479
Translated headword: exercise
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning] practice.
Dialectic is useful for three reasons: for exercise, for conversations, for philosophical sciences. Exercise, he is saying,[1] is what happens in discussion over things; for they take a problem and will make trial of it in disputations to assist them, making attacks through reputable opinions.[2] Or he might be saying that exercise is for each to attack in turn. Arguments of this sort were familiar to the ancients, and they had most conversations in this manner, not in books as now [for there were not that sort of books then], but with whatever situation established, they practiced and argued the inquiry of these things in conversations, constructing and demolishing the position through reputable opinions. And there are such books written by both Aristotle and Theophrastus having the attack against antithetical positions through reputable opinions. He is of course saying that dialectic is useful for this sort of exercise. For having some inquiring investigation of proofs (this is the knowledge of topics) we may be able to make an easy trial. For being able to divide an exercise in rhetoric and seeing at the same time both the problems and the arrangement of the subjects, they make an easy trial. For knowing the system in the dialectics they prosper at making an easy trial of the proposed subject. This sort of exercise is useful, that which is in accordance with the arguments and for the inquiry of what is sought and of the truth: for it prepares the mind for philosophy. For as the exercise of the body preserves the good health of the body according to a skill, so too the exercise of the mind preserves the proper good health of the mind by means of arguments and according to a method. The power of the rational mind is proper health, by which health it becomes critical and inquisitive of truth. It provides a second type of advantage for conversations.
Look under the letter "e" for "conversations" [enteuxeis].[3]
Greek Original:
Gumnasia: hê tribê. hoti hê dialektikê pros tria esti chrêsimos: pros gumnasian, pros tas enteuxeis, pros tas kata philosophian epistêmas. gumnasian de legei êtoi tên ginomenên en tôi dialegesthai pros tinas: dechomenoi gar tina problêmata para tôn prosdialegomenôn peirôntai toutois sumparistasthai, di' endoxôn tas epicheirêseis poioumenoi. ê gumnasian legoi an tên eis hekateron meros epicheirêsin. ên de sunêthes to toiouton eidos tôn logôn tois archaiois, kai tas sunousias tas pleistas touton epoiounto ton tropon, ouk epi bibliôn hôsper nun [ou gar ên tote toiauta biblia], alla theseôs tinos tetheisês eis tautên gumnazontes autôn to pros tas epicheirêseis heuretikon epecheiroun, kataskeuazontes kai anaskeuazontes di' endoxôn to keimenon. kai esti biblia toiauta Aristotelei te kai Theophrastôi gegrammena echonta tên eis ta antikeimena di' endoxôn epicheirêsin. pros dê tên toiautên gumnasian chrêsimon einai phêsi tên dialektikên: methodon gar tina heuretikên tôn epicheirêmatôn echontes [hautê de estin hê tôn topôn gnôsis] rhaion epicheirein dunêsometha. hôs gar en tois rhêtorikois gumnasmasin hoi diairein dunamenoi ta problêmata kai tên taxin tôn kephalaiôn sunorôntes rhaion epicheirousin, houtô kai en tois dialektikois hoi tên methodon eidotes rhaion epicheirêmatôn euporousi pros ta prokeimena. chrêsimos de hê toiautê gumnasia, hê kata tous logous, pros heuresin tôn zêtoumenôn te kai alêthôn: proparaskeuazei gar tên psuchên pros philosophian. hôs gar ta tou sômatos gumnasia ginomena kata technên euexian peripoiei tôi sômati, houtô kai ta tês psuchês en logois gumnasia kata methodon ginomena tên oikeian euexian tês psuchês peripoiei: oikeia de euexia psuchês logikês hê dunamis, kath' hên euexian heuretikê te tou alêthous kai kritikê ginetai. deuteron tropon tês ôpheleias ektithetai pros tas enteuxeis. zêtei en tôi e stoicheiôi peri enteuxeôs.
Notes:
After the initial one-word gloss the source becomes Alexander of Aphrodisias, Commentaries on Aristotle's Topica 27.7-28.2.
[1] i.e. Aristotle; Alexander is commenting on Aristotle, Topica 101a26-101b4.
[2] On "reputable opinions" see epsilon 1182 and Cooper (1999), 281-291.
[3] epsilon 1468.
Reference:
J.M. Cooper, Reason and Emotion. Essays on Ancient Moral Psychology and Ethical Theory (Princeton, New Jersey) 1999
Keywords: definition; ethics; medicine; philosophy; rhetoric
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 16 September 2000@00:00:44.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 2 October 2002@07:27:18.
Marcelo Boeri (Expanded note; added note; modified translation, cosmetics.) on 2 October 2002@19:37:02.
Marcelo Boeri (Added note and bibliography) on 11 October 2002@14:38:58.
David Whitehead (another keyword; cosmetics) on 20 November 2005@09:32:02.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 12 June 2012@03:28:03.
David Whitehead on 30 September 2015@03:23:45.

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