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Headword: Dareios
Adler number: delta,74
Translated headword: Dareios, Darius
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[It is said][1] that Alexander [King] of the Macedonians having embarked on war against Dareios King of the Persians overcame him by force of arms.[2] And [Dareios] proposed that he come to a reconciliation and give his daughter Rhoxane to him in marriage.[3]
[It is said] that Dareios himself was killed by his own satrap, Bessos by name, and that he brought his head to Alexander of Macedon.[4]
See on this in the [entry] 'Alexander', and see in the [entry] 'Demokedes'. [Also] see above in the [entry] 'Darics'.[5]
Greek Original:
Dareios: hoti Alexandros ho tôn Makedonôn pros Dareion ton Persôn basilea sunapsas polemon, touton kata kratos nikai. kai aiteitai eis diallagên elthein kai dounai autôi kai tên thugatera Rhôxanên pros gamou koinônian. hoti autos Dareios hupo tou idiou satrapou anaireitai, Bessos onoma: kai prosagei tên kephalên Alexandrôi tôi Makedoni. zêtei peri toutou en tôi Alexandros, kai zêtei en tôi Dêmokêdês. zêtei paranô en tôi Dareikous.
Notes:
An entry on Dareios III, king of Persia 336-330 BCE.
[1] Here as frequently elsewhere, the Suda simply uses the word o(/ti when quoting from an unnamed author. On the basis of alpha 1121, which we know independently quotes John of Antioch (fr. 74 Roberto), it is orthodox to suppose that the Suda has here also quoted from the same author (fr. 41).
[2] At Ipsos (near present-day Iskenderun) in 333 BCE and at Gaugamela (near Mosul) in 331 BCE. See the Alexander Mosaic from the House of the Faun, Pompeii. It probably depicts the battle of Ipsos; at any rate it shows both Alexander and Dareios in the heat of the battle. See web address 1.
[3] Dareios' letters to Alexander following the Battle of Ipsos are referred to here. Dareios proposed that he and Alexander become friends and allies and he offered his daughter Barsine (also called Statira) in marriage. Rhoxane was the daughter of Oxyartes, the satrap of Sogdiana. See Quintus Curtius 4.1.7-10; 4.5.1-6; Justin 11.12.3-4; Diodorus Siculus 17.54.1. See in general Bosworth (below) 227-229.
[4] The Suda is mistaken here. According to all the major sources Bessos fled after mortally wounding Dareios.
[5] alpha 1121; delta 442; delta 72/delta 73 (the wrong Dareios, however!). (For the 'see above' formula cf. delta 700, epsilon 4017.)
Reference:
A.B. Bosworth, A historical commentary on Arrian's History of Alexander vol.1. Oxford: O.U.P., 1980
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: biography; gender and sexuality; historiography; history; military affairs; women
Translated by: Tony Natoli on 7 April 2002@17:40:41.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 12 April 2002@06:07:23.
David Whitehead (augmented n.4; added a keyword; cosmetics) on 10 November 2005@10:50:05.
Mehmet Fatih Yavuz (added note and web address) on 24 October 2008@12:50:34.
David Whitehead (tweaks and cosmetics) on 14 June 2012@07:11:47.
Catharine Roth (typo) on 15 June 2012@12:40:21.
David Whitehead on 29 January 2015@03:08:39.
Catharine Roth (modified link) on 12 July 2016@00:38:12.

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