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Headword: Antôninos
Adler number: alpha,2762
Translated headword: Antoninus, Antoninos
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
Emperor of [the] Romans,[1] the son of Severus,[2] in addition to other evils and murders his soldiers also took up using violence and plundering and still did not waver in their arrogance at all. Doing such things and carried away by the deeds and being hostile to the way of life in the city he left Rome so as to manage the army and keep an eye on the provincials. Then he took the Danube and made peace with the Germans there, and also took allies from among them and bodyguards and used their porters. Thus he was loved both by the barbarians and by the soldiers, being a common man for all of them, since he was called "soldier" rather than "emperor" by them. And when he came into Macedonia, he called himself "Alexander". Thence he went into Pergamum and and to the tomb of Achilles, and he adorned himself with garlands and flowers and mimicked Achilles. And he went through Asia and through the other provinces into Antioch and spent some time making ready for Alexandria, making the excuse that he longed for the city of Alexander. As he drove in that city with his whole army, he was received by the Alexandrians as no one of the emperors ever was previously. And he came to the tomb of Alexander and he stripped off the tunic which he wore, and his ring, and his belt, and even if it was expensive he placed it upon the bier of that man. The people rejoiced, not knowing his hidden idea. For he knew that they jeered a lot at both him and his mother.[3] Through a proclamation he ordered the youth to gather into a certain plain, saying that he would compose a phalanx in honor of Alexander. They gathered with good hopes. And when he saw them standing in rows, he himself came out and let loose his soldiers -- and they slaughtered them all. There was so much bloodshed that the entire Nile was turned red.[4]
Severus trained Antoninus completely in all things tending towards virtue both of the body and of the soul so that although he was already an adult, he met with teachers and philosophized for much of the day. He rubbed himself with oil and rode horseback up to fifty or even seven hundred stades; and moreover he trained to swim in rough water. From these things he was made strong in a way, but he forgot this education as if he had never heard its name. He was not, however, a poor speaker or lacking in judgement; but he understood many of the subtlest things and he spoke most preparedly. For he often fell into such fortune that he thoughtlessly disclosed with arrogance and rashness or with something completely similar what things lay before him and he was ashamed to reveal them in no way.[5]
Antoninus[6] was the best emperor, especially worthy considering the similar manner of their leadership to be compared with Numa, just like Trajan seemed to resemble Romulus. For Antoninus ended his life as the best and most honored private citizen and was considered to be better and more sensible concerning his leadership, in no way harsh nor burdensome, but he was beneficial and gentle to all. In affairs of war he sought to preserve the reputation of justice rather than of craftiness, to bring out safe into greatness the men of the empire he knew, so in this he took the greatest care about justice. Establishing officials of public offices he requited good men with honors from him, but he drove away base men without any harshness from public works. Therefore he was admired not by the natives alone, but already also by foreigners, since some of the neighboring barbarians lay aside their arms, turned towards the emperor and reconciled their cases by his votes. He himself, from his life as a private citizen, acquired some large sum of money, but when he passed into leadership he spent his own wealth in gifts for his soldiers and his friends. He left the mass of money of the various public treasuries alone, and he was the first to assume the surname "Pious" because of his character.
Antonius Saturninus,[7] infamous and despicable, was enrolled into the Senate under Vespasian, Vespasian having contrived this as the best of jokes. For by giving him this prize which, while profitless, was nevertheless something to be revered, he enveloped him in evil dignity.
Greek Original:
Antôninos, basileus Rhômaiôn, ho Sebêrou, pros tois allois kakois kai tais miaiphoniais kai hoi stratiôtai tou biazesthai kai harpazein labontes exousian ouketi kat' ouden diekrinonto. toiauta de prattôn hupo te tôn ergôn elaunomenos kai pros tên en polei diatribên apechthôs echôn apedêmei tês Rhômês, hôs dê kai ta stratopeda dioikêsôn kai ta ethnê epopsomenos. epei de ton Istron katelabe kai tous ekeise Germanous ephilopoiêsato, hôs kai summachous par' autôn labein kai tou sômatos phrourous kai tais phoresiais autôn chrêsthai. houtô te kai hupo tôn barbarôn kai hupo tôn stratiôtôn êgapato, koinos ôn pros hapantas, hôs sustratiôtês mallon ê basileus par' autôn legomenos. epeidê de kai es tên Makedonian aphiketo, Alexandron heauton ônomasen. ekeithen te es Pergamon paragegone kai epi ton Achilleôs taphon, kai stephanois kosmêsas kai anthesi ton Achillea emimeito. kai dia tês Asias kai tôn allôn ethnôn eis Antiocheian aphiketo kai diatripsas chronon tina epi tên Alexandreian estelleto, prophasin poioumenos pothein tên Alexandrou polin. hôs de esêlasen en autêi sun panti tôi stratôi, hupedechthê para tôn Alexandreôn hôs oupô tis basileôn proteron. kai elthôn es to Alexandrou mnêma tên te chlamuda, hên ephorei, kai ton daktulion kai tên zônên kai ei ti poluteles perielomenos epethêke têi ekeinou sorôi. ho de dêmos echairen, ouk eidôs tên toutou lanthanousan gnômên. egnô gar, hoti polla es auton te kai tên mêtera apeskôpsan. dia de programmatos tên neolaian eis ti pedion keleuei sunelthein, phêsas eis tên Alexandrou timên phalanga sustêsasthai. hoi de sunêlthon agathais elpisi. stichêdon de hestôtas idôn autos men exêlthen, epaphêke de tous stratiôtas: kai pantas sunekopsan. tosoutos de egeneto phonos, hôste ton Neilon phoinichthênai hapanta. hoti Sebêros kai panu pasi tois es aretên teinousi kai kata to sôma kai kata psuchên êskêse ton Antôninon, hôste kai autokratora êdê onta, kai didaskalois suneinai kai to polu tês hêmeras philosophein. exêraloiphei te kai hippeue kai es n# kai ps# stadious: kai proseti kai nêchesthai kai en kludôni êskeito. ho de ek men toutôn tropon tina errôsthê: tês de dê paideuseôs, hôs oude tounoma autês pôpote akêkoôs epelatheto. ou mentoi kai kakorrêmôn ê kakognômôn ên: alla kai suniei polla oxutata kai ephrazen hetoimotata. têi te gar exousiai kai têi propeteiai tôi panth' homoiôs ta proïstamena hoi aperiskeptôs eklalein, kai tôi mêdeni autôn ekphainein aischunesthai, epituchiai tini pollakis periepipten. hoti Antôninos ho basileus aristos ên kai malista Noumai kata to tês hêgemonias homoiotropon axios paraballesthai, kathaper dê Rhômulôi Traïanos ôphthê paraplêsios. ton te gar idiôtên ho Antôninos arista kai entimotata dietelese bion kai kata tên hêgemonian ameinôn edoxen einai kai sôphronesteros, oudeni trachus oude phortikos, alla pros hapantas chrêstos te kai êpios ôn. en ge mên tois polemikois apo tou dikaiou mallon ê tou kerdaleou doxan thêrômenos phulattein sôious eiper eis megethos ekpherein tous tês archês eginôsken andras, hôs eni malista pleistên tou dikaiou poioumenos epimeleian. tais tôn dêmosiôn ephistas dioikêsesi, tous men agathous tên hêgemonian tais par' autou timais ameibomenos, tous ge mên phaulous dicha tinos trachutêtos tôn koinôn apelaunôn pragmatôn. ouk oun hupo tôn oikeiôn monôn, all' êdê kai pros tôn allophulôn ethaumazeto, hôs tôn prosoikôn tinas barbarôn ta hopla katatithemenous epitrepontas tôi basilei tas dikas dialuesthai tais ekeinou psêphois. autos de para ton idiôtên bion polu ti plêthos chrêmatôn kektêmenos, epeidê parêlthen eis tên hêgemonian, tên men heautou periousian eis te tôn stratiôtôn kai tôn philôn apanalôse dôreas, tôn de dêmosiôn thêsaurôn plêthos pantodapôn apelipe chrêmatôn, tên te tou Eusebous epiklêsin ek tou êthous prôtos apênenkato. hoti Antônios Satorninos, epirrêtos kai bdeluros, para Ouespasianou es tên boulên enegraphê, Ouespasianou sophisamenou geloiotata touto. axiôsei gar auton periebale kakiai dous akerdes men, semnon de homôs tode athlon.
Notes:
[1] M. Aurelius Antoninus, a.k.a. Caracalla; ruled 198-217. (But see notes 5 and 6 below.) De Imperatoribus Romanis entry (Michael Meckler) at web address 1.
[2] L. Septimius Severus, ruled 193-211. De Imperatoribus Romanis entry (also Michael Meckler) at web address 2.
[3] Julia Domna.
[4] John of Antioch fr.132 FHG (4.589-90), now 214 Roberto.
[5] Cassius Dio 77.11.
[6] The subject switches to the emperor Antoninus Pius, who ruled 138-161 (De Imperatoribus Romanis entry, by Richard Weigel, at web address 3); and the source becomes John of Antioch fr. 115 FHG (4.581), now 198 Roberto; cf. nu 515.
[7] Aelian fr. 115a Domingo-Forasté (112 Hercher); cf. alpha 2830, beta 433. For L. Antonius Saturninus and this episode see R. Syme, 'Antonius Saturninus', Journal of Roman Studies 68 (1978) 12-21; R.J.A. Talbert, The Senate of Imperial Rome (Princeton 1984) 86 n. 44. Favuzzi (below) connects three other Suda entries with him: see epsilon 2548, eta 174, upsilon 18.
Reference:
Andrea Favuzzi, 'L. Antonio Saturnino in due frammenti adespoti della Suda', Epigrafia e territorio -- Politica et societa 10 (2016) 453-459
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3
Keywords: biography; economics; ethics; geography; historiography; history; military affairs; mythology; religion; rhetoric; women; zoology
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 16 February 2002@17:33:21.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified and augmented notes; added keywords; cosmetics) on 17 February 2002@06:36:35.
Catharine Roth (added links) on 17 February 2002@20:37:38.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 15 August 2002@07:02:06.
David Whitehead (more keywords) on 4 December 2005@08:40:30.
Catharine Roth (updated reference in note 6) on 13 June 2011@12:25:56.
David Whitehead (cosmetics) on 14 June 2011@03:23:49.
David Whitehead (expanded n.5) on 23 January 2014@08:49:52.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 28 November 2014@01:20:23.
David Whitehead (another note; updated refs) on 29 January 2015@03:44:43.
David Whitehead on 28 July 2015@05:36:16.
Catharine Roth (expanded references) on 29 August 2015@18:04:40.
David Whitehead (expanded a note, with bibliography) on 14 February 2017@12:41:48.

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