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Headword: Agathon
Adler number: alpha,119
Translated headword: good
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
The word has multiple meanings.[1]
Predicated of the good are the 10 genera, that is to say the 10 categories.[2]
"To produce, since some things are [understood as] good because [of being] productive. For what is productive of the good is said to be good, such as what is productive of health, or pleasure and, in general, what is beneficial. Certainly, the good in food, insofar as it is productive of a good, is a good. And the productive is in the category of quality; indeed quality sometimes exists in the soul, for when we predicate of the soul the good and say that it is good, we are signifying that the soul has a certain quality. For instance, that it is temperate, brave, just. And the qualifications are the presence of quality. So also in the case of a human being. For when we predicate of man the good, we are signifying the fact that he has a certain quality; for example, that he is temperate, brave, just, prudent. Sometimes the good signifies "when"; for that which happens at the appropriate time is said to be good. And the good also signifies quantity, for that which is moderate, neither exceeding nor falling short,[3] will be a quantity, insofar as it is said to be something of such a magnitude. And qua substance, what [is] the good? [Something] like a god, [or] intellect. And the good also is said to be something relative, for 'that which is in measure' is good in this way. And there is good in 'being affected', such as receiving a medical treatment or being taught; and there is also some good in the domain of the 'where', such as 'to be in Greece', 'to be in wholesome regions', 'to be in calm or in peace'. And there would be also a good in 'being in a certain position'; for instance, when it is useful for someone to be seated, he sits, and when it is useful for someone to be lying down, he lies down: for the person who has a fever, for the sake of argument."[4]
Greek Original:
Agathon: homônumos esti phônê. katêgoreitai de ta i# genê tou agathou, toutestin hai i# katêgoriai. kai to men poiein, epei esti tina agatha hôs poiêtika, legetai gar to agathou poiêtikon agathon, hoion to hugieias poiêtikon ê hêdonês kai holôs ôphelimon, to gar en tôi edesmati agathon hôs poiêtikon agathou agathon: to de poiêtikon hupo tên tou poiou katêgorian. pote de to poion epi psuchês: hotan gar katêgorêsômen to agathon psuchês legontes autên agathên, to poian autên einai sêmainomen, hoion sôphrona ê andreian ê dikaian: poiotêtos de parousia ta poia. homoiôs kai anthrôpou: hotan gar to agathon katêgorêsômen, to poion auton einai sêmainomen: hoion sôphrona, andreion, dikaion, phronimon. eniote de to agathon to pote sêmainei: to gar en tôi prosêkonti kairôi genomenon agathon legetai. sêmainei de agathon kai to poson: to gar metrion kai mê huperballon mête endeon eiê an poson, kathoson tosouton ti legetai. kai hôs ousia ti agathon: hôs theos, nous. legetai de kai hôs pros ti: to gar summetron houtôs agathon. kai en tôi paschein, hôs to therapeuesthai kai didaskesthai. esti ti tou agathou kai en tôi pou, hoion to en Helladi einai, to en hugieinois chôriois einai, to en hêsuchian echousin ê eirênên. eiê d' an kai en tôi keisthai, hotan hôi men lusiteles to kathezesthai, kathezêtai, hôi de to anakeisthai, anakeitai: tôi purettonti phere eipein.
Notes:
See already alpha 118, also a neuter singular.
After the two short opening sentences, the entry draws on Alexander of Aphrodisias, Commentary on Aristotle's Topics 105.25-106.14 Wallies (on Topica 107a3ff).
[1] On o(mw/numos ('homonymous'), see Aristotle, Categories 1a1; cf. omicron 299.
[2] See Aristotle, Categories 1b25-2a10 and Nicomachean Ethics I.vi.3 (1096a24-29) (web address 1).
[3] The famous Doctrine of the Mean; cf. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics II.vi.4-13 (1106a25-b28) (web address 2).
[4] See also Van Ophuijsen (113-114).
Reference:
J.M. Van Ophuijsen, Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle’s Topics 1, (Ithaca, NY 2001)
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Keywords: definition; ethics; medicine; philosophy
Translated by: Marcelo Boeri on 24 May 2000@16:46:08.
Vetted by:
William Hutton (Modified translation, added keyword, set status) on 8 June 2001@11:39:09.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics, reference) on 25 April 2002@13:43:53.
David Whitehead (added note; cosmetics) on 16 January 2003@05:54:20.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 12 October 2005@08:00:58.
David Whitehead (tweaks) on 22 December 2011@06:49:37.
David Whitehead on 22 December 2011@06:50:01.
Ronald Allen (typos in translation) on 22 July 2023@15:25:33.
Ronald Allen (inserted note, added cross-reference, added link) on 23 July 2023@12:49:22.
Ronald Allen (added notes, added bibliography, cosmetics) on 23 July 2023@18:18:54.
Ronald Allen (coding; augmented n.3, added link) on 23 July 2023@20:20:08.
Ronald Allen (my typo bibliography) on 29 November 2023@11:22:07.
Catharine Roth (tweaked translation) on 5 December 2023@12:41:43.

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