% Latin % Raphael Finkel, Gregory Stump, 5/2007 % note conjugation list in http://www.answers.com/topic/latin-conjugation % tense: Pr/Fu/Pa Present/Future/Past % tense system: Pr/Pf Present/Perfect % mood: I/S/F Indicative/Subjunctive/Infinitive % voice: Ac/Pa Active/Passive % person: 1/2/3 % number: s/p singular/plural ABBR 1 1S1C ABBR 2 2S1C ABBR 3 3S1C ABBR 4 4S1C ABBR 5 5S1C STEM 1 present STEM 2 perfect STEM 3 supine STEM 4 present first STEM 5 present past subjunctive HELPER 1 be PrPrIAc3s % infinitive CONJ PrPrF TEMPLATE 5Are cIa ā cIb ā cIc ā cIIa ē cIIb ē cIIc ē cIId ē cIIe ē cIIIa e cIIIb e cIIIc e cIIId e cIIIe e cIIIf ∅ cIIIs ∅ cIVa ī cIVb ī cIVc ī cIVd ī % present present indicative active CONJ PrPrIAc1s PrPrIAc2s PrPrIAc3s PrPrIAc1p PrPrIAc2p PrPrIAc3p % PrPrIAc3p TEMPLATE 4A 1As 1At 4Amus 1Atis 4Ant % 4Aunt cIa ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIb ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIc ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIIa eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIb eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIc eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIId eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIe eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIIa ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIb ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIc ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIId ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIe iō i i i i iu % i cIIIf ō ∅ ∅ i ∅ u % ∅ cIIIs um ∅ ∅ u ∅ u % ∅ cIVa iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVb iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVc iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVd iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī % present present indicative passive CONJ PrPrIPa1s PrPrIPa2s PrPrIPa3s PrPrIPa1p PrPrIPa2p PrPrIPa3p % PrPrIPa3p TEMPLATE 4Ar 1Aris 1Atur 4Amur 1Amini 4Antur % 4Auntur cIa ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIb ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIc ō ā ā ā ā a % ā cIIa eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIb eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIc eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIId eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIe eō ē ē ē ē e % ē cIIIa ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIb ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIc ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIId ō i i i i u % ∅ cIIIe iō i i i i iu % i cIIIf ō ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ u % ∅ cIIIs !∅ !∅ !∅ !∅ !∅ !∅ % !∅ cIVa iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVb iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVc iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī cIVd iō ī ī ī ī iu % ī % present past indicative active CONJ PrPaIAc1s PrPaIAc2s PrPaIAc3s PrPaIAc1p PrPaIAc2p PrPaIAc3p TEMPLATE 1Abam 1Abās 1Abat 1Abāmus 1Abātis 1Abant cIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIe ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIe iē iē iē iē iē iē cIIIf ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVb iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVc iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVd iē iē iē iē iē iē % present past indicative passive CONJ PrPaIPa1s PrPaIPa2s PrPaIPa3s PrPaIPa1p PrPaIPa2p PrPaIPa3p TEMPLATE 1Abār 1Abāris 1Abatur 1Abāmur 1Abāmini 1Abantur cIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIe ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIe iē iē iē iē iē iē cIIIf ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVb iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVc iē iē iē iē iē iē cIVd iē iē iē iē iē iē % future present indicative active CONJ FuPrIAc1s FuPrIAc2s FuPrIAc3s FuPrIAc1p FuPrIAc2p FuPrIAc3p TEMPLATE 1A 1As 1At 1Amus 1Atis 1Ant cIa ābō ābi ābi ābi ābi ābu cIb ābō ābi ābi ābi ābi ābu cIc ābō ābi ābi ābi ābi ābu cIIa ēbō ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIb ēbō ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIc ēbō ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIId ēbō ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIe ēbō ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIIa am a a a a a cIIIb am a a a a a cIIIc am a a a a a cIIId am a a a a a cIIIe iam ia ia ia ia ia cIIIf am a a a a a cIIIs bō bi bi bi bi bu cIVa iam ia ia ia ia ia cIVb iam ia ia ia ia ia cIVc iam ia ia ia ia ia cIVd iam ia ia ia ia ia % future present indicative passive CONJ FuPrIPa1s FuPrIPa2s FuPrIPa3s FuPrIPa1p FuPrIPa2p FuPrIPa3p TEMPLATE 1Ar 1Aris 1Atur 1Amur 1Amini 1Antur cIa ābō ābe ābi ābi ābi ābu cIb ābō ābe ābi ābi ābi ābu cIc ābō ābe ābi ābi ābi ābu cIIa ēbō ēbe ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIb ēbō ēbe ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIc ēbō ēbe ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIId ēbō ēbe ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIe ēbō ēbe ēbi ēbi ēbi ēbu cIIIa a a a a a a cIIIb a a a a a a cIIIc a a a a a a cIIId a a a a a a cIIIe ia ia ia ia ia ia cIIIf a a a a a a cIIIs bō be bi bi bi bu cIVa ia ia ia ia ia ia cIVb ia ia ia ia ia ia cIVc ia ia ia ia ia ia cIVd ia ia ia ia ia ia % present perfect indicative active CONJ PrPfIAc1s PrPfIAc2s PrPfIAc3s PrPfIAc1p PrPfIAc2p PrPfIAc3p TEMPLATE 2Aī 2Aistī 2Ait 2Aimus 2Aistis 2Aērunt cIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIb āv āv āv āv āv āv cIc u u u u u u cIIa ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv cIIb s s s s s s cIIc u u u u u u cIId ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIe v v v v v v cIIIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIb u u u u u u cIIIc s s s s s s cIIId s s s s s s cIIIe ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVb īv īv īv īv īv īv cIVc u u u u u u cIVd s s s s s s % past perfect indicative active CONJ PaPaI1s PaPaI2s PaPaI3s PaPaI1p PaPaI2p PaPaI3p TEMPLATE 2Aeram 2Aerās 2Aerat 2Aerāmus 2Aerātis 2Aerant cIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIb āv āv āv āv āv āv cIc u u u u u u cIIa ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv cIIb s s s s s s cIIc u u u u u u cIId ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIe v v v v v v cIIIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIb u u u u u u cIIIc s s s s s s cIIId s s s s s s cIIIe ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVb īv īv īv īv īv īv cIVc u u u u u u cIVd s s s s s s % future perfect indicative active CONJ FuPfIAc1s FuPfIAc2s FuPfIAc3s FuPfIAc1p FuPfIAc2p FuPfIAc3p TEMPLATE 2Aerō 2Aeris 2Aerit 2Aerimus 2Aeritis 2Aerunt cIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIb āv āv āv āv āv āv cIc u u u u u u cIIa ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv cIIb s s s s s s cIIc u u u u u u cIId ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIe v v v v v v cIIIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIb u u u u u u cIIIc s s s s s s cIIId s s s s s s cIIIe ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVb īv īv īv īv īv īv cIVc u u u u u u cIVd s s s s s s % present present subjunctive active CONJ PrPrSAc1s PrPrSAc2s PrPrSAc3s PrPrSAc1p PrPrSAc2p PrPrSAc3p TEMPLATE 4Am 4As 4At 4Amus 4Atis 4Ant cIa ē ē ē e ē ē cIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIa eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIb eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIc eā eā eā eā eā eā cIId eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIe eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIId ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIe iā iā iā iā iā iā cIIIf e e e e e e cIIIs ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVa iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVb iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVc iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVd iā iā iā iā iā iā % present present subjunctive passive CONJ PrPrSPa1s PrPrSPa2s PrPrSPa3s PrPrSPa1p PrPrSPa2p PrPrSPa3p TEMPLATE 4Ar 4Aris 4Atur 4Amur 4Amini 4Antur cIa ē ē ē e ē ē cIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIa eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIb eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIc eā eā eā eā eā eā cIId eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIe eā eā eā eā eā eā cIIIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIId ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIIe iā iā iā iā iā iā cIIIf e e e e e e cIIIs ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVa iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVb iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVc iā iā iā iā iā iā cIVd iā iā iā iā iā iā % present past subjunctive active CONJ PrPaSAc1s PrPaSAc1s PrPaSAc1s PrPaSAc1s PrPaSAc1s PrPaSAc1s TEMPLATE 5Arem 5Arēs 5Aret 5Arēmus 5Arētis 5Arent cIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIe ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIa e e e e e e cIIIb e e e e e e cIIIc e e e e e e cIIId e e e e e e cIIIe e e e e e e cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVb ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVc ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVd ī ī ī ī ī ī % present past subjunctive passive CONJ PrPaSPa1s PrPaSPa1s PrPaSPa1s PrPaSPa1s PrPaSPa1s PrPaSPa1s TEMPLATE 5Arer 5Areris 5Aretur 5Arēmur 5Arēmini 5Arentur cIa ā ā ā ā ā ā cIb ā ā ā ā ā ā cIc ā ā ā ā ā ā cIIa ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIb ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIc ē ē ē ē ē ē cIId ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIe ē ē ē ē ē ē cIIIa e e e e e e cIIIb e e e e e e cIIIc e e e e e e cIIId e e e e e e cIIIe e e e e e e cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVb ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVc ī ī ī ī ī ī cIVd ī ī ī ī ī ī % present perfect subjunctive active CONJ PrPfSAc1s PrPfSAc2s PrPfSAc3s PrPfSAc1p PrPfSAc2p PrPfSAc3p TEMPLATE 2Aerim 2Aerīs 2Aerit 2Aerīmus 2Aerītis 2Aerint cIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIb āv āv āv āv āv āv cIc u u u u u u cIIa ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv cIIb s s s s s s cIIc u u u u u u cIId ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIe v v v v v v cIIIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIb u u u u u u cIIIc s s s s s s cIIId s s s s s s cIIIe ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVb īv īv īv īv īv īv cIVc u u u u u u cIVd s s s s s s % past perfect subjunctive active CONJ PaPaSAc1s PaPaSAc2s PaPaSAc3s PaPaSAc1p PaPaSAc2p PaPaSAc3p TEMPLATE 2Aissem 2Aissēs 2Aisset 2Aissēmus 2Aissētis 2Aissent cIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIb āv āv āv āv āv āv cIc u u u u u u cIIa ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv ēv cIIb s s s s s s cIIc u u u u u u cIId ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIe v v v v v v cIIIa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIb u u u u u u cIIIc s s s s s s cIIId s s s s s s cIIIe ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIf ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIIIs ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVa ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ cIVb īv īv īv īv īv īv cIVc u u u u u u cIVd s s s s s s % supine CONJ Supine TEMPLATE 3Aus,1H cIa t cIb āt cIc it cIIa ēt cIIb t cIIc it cIId s cIIe t cIIIa t cIIIb t cIIIc t cIIId s cIIIe t cIIIf ∅ cIIIs !∅ cIVa t cIVb īt cIVc t cIVd t REFER cIa 4 , 5-> 1 REFER cIb 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIc 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIa 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIb 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIc 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIId 4 , 5 -> 1 ; 3 -> 2 REFER cIIe 4 , 5 -> 1 REFER cIIIa 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIIb 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIIc 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIId 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIIs 3 -> 1 REFER cIIIe 3 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIVa 3 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIIIf 4 -5 -> 1 REFER cIVb 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIVc 2 - 5 -> 1 REFER cIVd 2 - 5 -> 1 LEXEME help cIa 1:iuv 2:iūv 3:iū % theme ā, perfect with ī, stem lengthens LEXEME bathe cIa 1:lav 2:lāv 3:lau LEXEME stand cIa 1:st 2:stet 3:sta % theme ā, perfect with ī, stem reduplicates LEXEME give cIa 1:d 2:ded 3:da % theme ā, perfect with ī, stem reduplicates LEXEME praise cIb 1:laud % theme ā, perfect with āvī LEXEME rattle cIc 1:crep % theme ā, perfect with uī LEXEME destroy cIIa 1:dēl % theme ē, perfect with vī LEXEME mourn cIIb 1:lūg % theme ē, perfect with sī, supine in t LEXEME order cIIb 1:iub % theme ē, perfect with sī, supine in t LEXEME warn cIIc 1:mon % theme ē, perfect with uī LEXEME see cIId 1:vid 2:vīd % theme ē, perfect with ī, possible vowel lengthening, supine in s LEXEME arouse cIIe 1:ci 2:cī 3:ci % theme ē, perfect with vī, no ē in supine LEXEME decide cIIIa 1:dēcern LEXEME nourish cIIIb 1:al LEXEME lead cIIIc 1:dūc LEXEME attach cIIId 1:fīg LEXEME take cIIIe 1:cap 2:cēp LEXEME carry cIIIf 1:fer 2:tul 3:lāt LEXEME be cIIIs 1:es 2:fu 4:s 5:es LEXEME be_able cIIIs 1:potes 2:possu 4:poss 5:pos LEXEME go cIIIs 1:i 2:i 4:e 5:ī LEXEME come cIVa 1:ven 2:vēn LEXEME hear cIVb 1:aud LEXEME leap cIVc 1:sal LEXEME bind cIVd 1:vinc CLASS finalStop r m t nt % vowels shorten before these SANDHI s s | => s % esst => est SANDHI s r => s s % esret => esset SANDHI s b => r % esbam => eram SANDHI ā u => ā % laudāunt => laudānt SANDHI ē u => ē % monēunt => monēnt SANDHI ī u => i u % audīunt => audiunt SANDHI ā\s*[:finalStop:] | => a $1 SANDHI ī\s*[:finalStop:] | => i $1 SANDHI ē\s*[:finalStop:] | => e $1 SANDHI ō\s*[:finalStop:] | => o $1 SANDHI ū\s*[:finalStop:] | => u $1 SANDHI g s => x % lugsi => luxi SANDHI b s => s s % iubsī => iussī SANDHI b t => s s % iubtum => iussum SANDHI g t => c t % lugtum => luctum SANDHI c s => x % ducsi => duxi SANDHI d s => s % vīdsum => vīsum SANDHI rn t => rt % dēcerntum => dēcertum % vim:nospell nowrap textwidth=10000: