Study Topics for Test 1

• Syllabus
  • goals
  • late policy
  • plagiarism policy
• Chapter 1
  • model of a machine
  • properties of RAM, secondary storage
  • John von Neumann's contribution
  • programming languages
    • machine language
    • high level language
  • designing problem solutions
  • top-down design - levels of design
  • algorithm - it is a procedure for solving a problem
  • pseudocode
  • test - bug - debug
  • high level languages and their standards
  • IDE and components
  • compiler
  • syntax and semantics (logic)
  • source program / object program
  • Documentation - comments - both styles - // and /* */
  • history of C and C++ - Ritchie, Stroustrup
• Structured programming
  • Four structures - sequence, selection, repetition, module
  • one entrance, one exit - no spaghetti code
  • no dead code
  • no infinite loops
  • Alice examples
  • Alice terminology
    • class versus instance
    • methods, functions, properties
    • events
    • dot notation for referring to a method of an object
• Chapter 2
  • structure of a C++ program
  • include files
  • namespace statement
  • main function header - "int main ()"
  • function body - surrounded by braces
  • reserved words - keywords
  • identifiers - syntax - how to make them
  • data / variables - properties
    • name - an identifier
    • type - builtin types
    • location - memory space - address
    • value - don't assume you know what it is until you define it
  • declaration with and without initialization
  • difference between variables and constants
    • how they're declared and used - named constants
    • why named constants are good
  • assignment statements
    • how they operate, precisely
    • difference between assignment statement and declaration with initialization
  • tracing a program - showing output and memory contents
  • screen - standard output device
  • cout - standard output stream
  • << - insertion operator
  • spacing horizontally and vertically
  • endl - manipulator
  • cin - standard input stream
  • >> - extraction operator
  • return statement and how it connects to function header
  • errors - kinds
    • syntax
    • semantics
• Chapter 3
  • data types
    • bool
    • string
    • char
    • integer- overflow, underflow
    • float, double - exponential notation
  • Therac-25
  • type coercion versus type casting
  • arithmetic operators
  • precedence of operators
  • division operator- integer versus floating point
  • remainder or mod "%"
  • ++ and -- operators
  • mixed type expressions
  • Pre-written functions
    • include statements
    • math library - cmath
    • graphics library - graphics.h
    • pow, sqrt, sin, cos
    • how to call them
  • the Debugger
    • watch window
    • single stepping
    • breakpoints